Books and other items printed in Gaelic from 1841 to 1870 > Stéidhean a' Ghràmair Ghaëlig

148 ETYMOLOGY. FOCLACHADH.
responds to the English affix -less : 3. In the second clause of
a sentence, it is equivalent to the negative adverb not ; as,
1. Gun eòlas, wìthout knoivledge. Gun airgiod, without money.
2. Gun chìall, without sense, sensefess. Gun chùram, without caret
c&veless. Gun eagal, ivithoutfear, fearfess.
3. Dh'-àithn è dhomh gun sin a dheanamh, he ordered me not to do
that. Thuirt mì ri Cailean gun an crodh a leigeil a-mach, / said to
Colin not to let out the cattle.
Iar, after ; done, is never used before a noun. It is the proper par-
ticle to be prefixed to the Infinitive, to denote the completion of the
verbal action ; as, iar sgrìobhadh, iar togail, writte?i, lifted. The pre-
position air, though not so proper, is generally used for this purpose,
— See page 84, Note +.
Le, leis signifies — 1. With, along witli : 2. Away with, down
with : 3. By means of, with: 4. In possession of: 5. By ; as,
1. An te'id thu leam ? will you go with me ?
2. Dh'-fhalbh ì le fear eile, she went away with another man.
Chaidh a' chraobh leis an abh-
ainn, the tree went away with the river.
Chaidh am fiadh leis a' chreig, the deer went down with the roch,
i. e.fell over the rocky precipice.
3. Bhris mì a' chlach leis an òrd, / hroke the stone by means of the
hammer ; with the hammer.
4. Co leis an t-each bàn ? Tha è le whose is the white horse ? he he~
Tdmas, longs to Thomas.
Iadsan as le Criosd, ihose who are Chrisfs.
Is le Seònaid an gùn so, this gown helongs to Janet.
Is feam-sa an leabhar sin, that hook is miiie.
5. Is beag le Cailean tasdan 's an a shilling a-day is thought lìttle by
là, Colin.
Os is chiefiy used with ceann, forming the compound preposition
os-ceann, or os-ciònn, ahove, over. And the adverbs os-n-àirde, os-
ìosal, os-làimh. It is sometimes pronounced fos.
Bi, ris signifìes — 1. To, applyingto, holding to, supporting
to; 2. Against, up against : 3. Against, towards : 4. Exposed
to : 5. After, following after : 6. Adding to : 7. With : 8. At,
acting, or worìcing at : 9. Liìce to, or unto : 10. In the same clause
with cho, as, or equality : 11. In, during ; as,
1. Cuir a' ghloine ri do shùil, put the glass to your eye.
Cum do làmh ri mo cheann, hold your hand to my head, sup-
port my head.
2. Ris an t-sruth, against the stream.
3. Cuir na caoraich ris a' mhon-
adh, set the sheep towards the hill.
4. Tha na siùil ris a' ghaoith, the sails are exposed to the wind.
5. Chuir sìnn an cù ris na caor-
aich, we set the dog after the sheep.