Scotland > 1882-1915 - Slater's Royal National Commercial Directory of Scotland > 1886 - Slater's (late Pigot and Co's) Royal national commercial directory and topography of Scotland

DIRECTORY
GLASGOW
LANARKSHIRE
expedient to retain the shape and dimensions of the old church ; it
is built in the form of a cross, and is ornamented with a tower one
hundred and twenty feet high. The vaulted cemetery beuenth is
ouo of the most complete in the kingdom. The cost of the church was
£7,000, hut the sepulchres in the crypt sold for £4,000. The patron-
age of the city churches belongs to the magistrates and town council,
with the exception of the inner High Church and tbe Barony,
which pertain to the Crown. The patronage of Gorbals church
is with heritors or femurs, who purchased it from the College.
The stipends of the city clergy are £425 per annum, that of the
inner High Church considerably more. The pew sittings aie let
annually. Apart from tbe city churches, the revenues of which
are drawn by the Corporation who pay the salaries of the clergy,
tbero are many churches in the city connected with the Establish-
ment, wbich are self-supporting. Many of the religious edifices are
flue buildings, such as Park ami Sandy ford Established churches ;
the St. John's, St. Matthew's, St. George's, the Colli- ge, and Kelvin-
side Free churches; St. Vincent street, Claremont andLansdowno
United Presbyterian churches ; and Bath street and Trinity Con-
gregational churches.
Cebietkbies.— Close to tbe Cathedral is tbe Necropolis, one of
the finest cemeteries in Britain. The approach to it is by a lofty
bridge, -which spans the valley through which the Moliudinar runs.
This bridge has rather appropriately been called the " Bridge of
Sighs." Tbe grounds, which are beautified with shrubberies, trees,
flowers and gravel walks, are also thickly adorned with monu-
mental columns and statues, tastefully executed and beautiful in
design. Sighthill Cemetery, in the vicinage of St. Rollox, is of con-
siderable extent, and is entered by a magnificent gateway, near to
which is a handsome chapel. The southern Necropolis, Jlutherglen,
is also neat in its arrangement of walks and flowers, and it has also
ninny monumental adornments. The Craighton Cemetery is
situated on the Paisley road.
INSTITUTIONS FOR EDUCATION, LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
AND THE ARTS.
The University. — The new University buildings are situated at
Giimorehill, west end of Glasgow, and separated by the river Kelvin
from Kelvinqrove Park. Tluy were commenced in April, 1867, and
on the 8th October of the following year the foundation stone was
laid by the Prince of Wales. Tbey are from plans prepared by Sir
Gilbert Scott, one of tho most celebrated Gothic artists of tbe day.
Tbe style is that of the early period of the fourteenth century, as
applied to collegiate structures, and, apart from tho professors'
houses, occupy a space of nearly four acres on the summit of tho
hill. They form an oblong rectangular pile of about six hundred
feet by three hundred feet. On the south side of the buildings a
stately tower rises to tbe height of throe hundred feet, and on thu
eastern side are tbe Medical and the Natural History Class-rooms,
projecting from which is an octagonal building forming the
' Chemical and Anatomical Laboratories. In the northern section of
tho pilo is tbe Library, founded prior to the Preformation, and con-
taining upwards of one huudred thousand volumes, a Students'
Reading Room, and the famous Huntcrian Museum. This museum
was bequeathed to the College by the celebrated Dr. Hunter, of
London, who was amitive of East Kilbride. The collection contains
specimens of natural history, anatomical preparations, paintings,
books, and medals, the latter being estimated at £30,O0lJ, and tho
whole collection cost Dr. Hunter, £100,000. The pictures are all
from great masters; amongst many others are Titian, Guido,
Domenichino, Rubens and Rembrandt. Thu University was
founded by Tumbull, Roman Catholic Bishop of Gla-gow,in 1450-51.
At tho Reformation, Archbishop James Beaton fled before the
triumphant Presbyterians, carrying with him tho charters and
records, which he placed in the Scots' College at Paris. James VI.
granted a new charter, and endowed the college with valuable
property, since which it has risen to high reputation.
Tho history of the University is full of interest. Its foundation
was by a bull issued by Pope "Nicholas V. on the 7th of January,
1450-51. Ir, is, therefore, the second oldest among the universities of
Scotland, St. Andrew's alono being before it. It was established
under the name then given to such institutions — studium general/},
and included all the usual faculties in addition to theology, canon
and civil law, and the arts. At first the business of instruction was
carried on in a building near the Cathedral, in a street now called
the Rotten row. In 1460 the first Lord Hamilton made a gift to the
Corporation of a site, comprising a portion of that which the old
college buildinys occupied. Thither the teaching and residence of
the members of the University were transferred in 1465. Its business
was carried on with varied success till the time of tbe Reformation,
when the revenues were thrown into utter confusion. The
public spirit of the citizens was the means of providing for its
restoration; and in 1574 renewed animation was given to its
academic top ching by the advent, as Principal, of the famous Andrew
Melville. His nephew reports that '' there was ua place in Europe
comparable to Glasgow for guid letters during these years, for a
plentiful and chepe mercat of all kinds of languages, artes, and
sciences." The chairs of Natural Philosophy, Moral Philosophy,
and Logic were founded in 1577, and Greek in 1581. The prosperity
thus acquired was confirmed by the concession in 1577 of a charter
granted by the Regent Morton, and usually known as tbe Nova
Erectio of James VI. then in minority. The instrument was the
foundation of many of the statutes by which the University is still
governed. During the Protectorate its wellfare was enhanced by
tbe attendance of many non-conforming students from England;
but at the Restoration, in 1CC0, it was deprived of a great portion
of its resources, and three of its professorships fell into abeyance.
Its fortunes rose again with tho Revolution. Tbe chair of mathe-
matics was founded in 1691, tm i during the next thirty years another
half dozen chairs were either revived or established, namely, Hu-
manity, revived, 1706, although founded in 1037 ; Oriental Lan-
guages, 170!}; Civil Law and Medicine, 1713 ; Church History, 1720;
and Anatomy, 1718. A professorship of Astronomy was establised
in 1760; while during tbe present century several new chairs have
been founded — Natural History, 1807 ; Surgery and Midwifery, 1815 ;
Chemistry, 1817; Botany, 1S18; Materia Medica. 1S31 ; Institutes of
Medicine and Forensic Medicine, 1S39; Civil Engineerimr, 1840;
Conveyancing, English Language and Literature and Biblical Criti-
cism, 1861. Previous to the Universities Act of 1858 the buisness of
the University was transacted in three distinct courts, namely: —
the Senate, conipris.MK the Rector, Dean, and all the Professors ;
the Faculty, containfcg the Principal and tho Professors whose
chairs had been instituted in, or previous to, tho last century;
and tbe Comitia, comprehending the Rector, the Dean, the Princi-
pal the Professors and the Matriculated Students of the University.
But by tho Universities Act of 1858, important changes were made
in tho conslitutiou and Government of the University, by which the
distinction between tho Facultv and the Senate was abolished and
two new bodies, the University Court and tho University Council,
were instituted. The Council consists of the enrolled graduates of
the University, and has only deliberate functions. The Court con-
sisting of seven members, viz.— the Rector, the Principal, the Dean
of Faculties, and four Assessors, nominated severally by the Chan-
cellor, the Rector, the General Council of tho University, and the
Senatus Academicus, is empowered to review all decisions of the
SenatusAcadcmieus,lo effect improvements in the internal arrange-
ments, and to exerciso other powers in the Government of the
University. Tho Senatus, consisting of the Principal and twenty-
five Professors, is entrusted with the ordinary superintendence and
regulation of the teaching and discipline of the University, and the
administration of its properties and revenues.
Connected with tho new University, and in a sense within its
borders, is tbe AV<>stern Infirmary, opened in October, 1874. Ihe
cost was abcut £100,000. , _
Students of theology connected with the Free Church attend
their own college— a handsome building in Lynedoch place, with a
lofty campanile tower, whence a fino view of the city and surround-
ing districts can be obtained. In addition to the prelection of four
professors who carry them through a strictly theological course,
lectures are likewise delivered on natural science in its theological
hearings. Tbe Anderson University, in George street, was founded
by the late John Anderson, professor of natural philosphy, in the
University of Glasgow, on the 7th of May, 1795, and the following
year wits incorporated by Iho magistrates and council. This
Universitv is placed under the superintendence of 81 trustees, and
the Lord Provost is one of tho inspecting visitors. The endowment
consisted of a philosophical apparatus, a library, and a museum ;
but the prosperity of the institution has been so great that the
trustees have purchased the extensive pile of buildings formerly
occupied by the Grammar School, which were opened in 1828, and
the numerous classes now receive a more extended education,
including philosophy, sciouco, and the arts. The museum is
opened to tho publiefrom eleven to three.on the payment of sixpence.
The High School, situate at the top of the hill behind the above Uni-
versity, is of an origin supposed to be co-eval with tho Cathedral,
aud within this Alma Mater several hundreds of youths acquire the
eb-ments of a liberal education. The Academy, in Elmbank row, is
in some measure a rival institution to the above; both are very
flourishing. They resemble ihe gymnasia of Germany, and afford
an education intermediate between the ordinary school curriculum
aud, tbe higher branches of academic learning. There are two
normal schools, for training academies, one in connection with the
Established and the other with the Free Church. An immense
number of children are here taught, and there are about a hundred
pupil teachers in each. The Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts, which
occupies a site on the south side of Sauchioball street, was opened
on Feb. 3, 1880. The buildings, wbich are in the Greek and French
Renaissance style of architecture, were designed by Mr. Burnet, and
cost about £15,000. The city has no free library like that of Liver-
pool or Manchester, hut the nucleus r,f such an institution is to be
found in Stirling's Library, founded in 1791 by the late Walter Stir-
ling Esq., merchant in Glasgow, aud enhanced by subsequent bene-
factions, till it now numbers over 50,000 volumes, which may be
consulted in a commodious and comfortable reading room. The
Glasgow Public Library is now amalgamated with Stirling's, and
there was also added, some years ago, the valuable collection belong-
ing to the late Dr. Scouler, who bequeathed it to the library at his
death. Tho library contains many fine specimens of early printing
and several mauuscrips, "Iso a complete set of the publications of
the Patent Office. The Mitchell Library, to which the public are
admitted free of charge, occupies temporary Premises at 7 Ingram
street, and was founded nn a bequest which amounted to nearly
£70 000, made by tbe late Stephen Mitchell, Esq., merchant, of Glas-
gow, who died in April, 1874. The Library was opened 1st Novem-
ber, 1877, and now contains about 45,000 volumes. The College of
Science and Arts, 38 Bath Btre< t, was founded in 1823. The Institu-
tion is aided by the Royal Incorporation of Hutcheson's Hospital^
which sends representatives to its Council. Cowcaddens Mechanics'
Institution, in Stewart street, contains about 3,000 volumes of care-
mllv selected works. The Calton, Mile end, and Brklgeton
Mechanics' Institution was instituted in 1833. The Glasgow
Athenaum, in Ingram street, was instituted in 1847. The object of
the Institution is to place within the reach of the public the fullest
and most recent information on all subjects of general interest
whether commercial, literary, or scientific; to provide an agreeable
place of resort in the intervals of business; to incite, especially
amoung young men, a taste for intellectual and elevating pursuits,
and to secure the means of its gratification, by affording the utmost
facilities for systematic study in various branches of useful know-
ledge. The reading rooms are abundantly supplied with the earliest
telegraphic intelligence, newspapers and periodicals of every kind,
and the library contains upwards of 11,000 volumes. The Faculty of
Physicians' and Surgeons' Hall is situated in St. Vincent street,
within which the two incorporated bodies above named hold their
meetings. The charter of their incorporation confers tbe right of
granting diplomas, after examination, to students in medicine and
surgery ; and every person practising without such diploma in Glas-
gow, Renfrew, Dumbarton, Lanark, Kvle, Carrick, Ayr. and
Cunningham, is liable to a fine of £3 8s. Gd. for each offence.
The members of facultv eiijuy the privilege of exemption from im-
posts and irksome duties. The freedom line of admission into tho
faculty is £150, and licentiates within the city or suburbs pay £20,
but those in tbe country £5 5s. ; for the diploma of each student
£5 5s. is required. Every tauoidute for a diploma, must produce
evidence that bo has studied three winter sessions, either at an uni-
versity or under resident members of the college of physicians and
surgeons of Edinburgh, London, or Duhlin, or under the members
of the faculty of physicians and surgeons in Glasgow, and that
during that period he 'nas attended public lectures on anatomy, sur-
gery, chemistry, materia medica, the theory and practice of medi-
cine, and midwifery ; and that he has attended one year at soTne
hospital, and studied pharmacy in an apothecary's or surgeon's shop
for six, months, without which he cannot be taken on trial. Candi-
dates who have served an apprenticeship, of three or more years