44                  A TREATISE ON ELEPHANTS.

can be hauled up when slack ; the D is then hooked into
any required link of the chain ; a short rope attached to
the top ring connects the girth with the bobbins of the
saddle. Tight-girthing is essential to prevent the gear
from slipping and the load from swaying.

(e) Neck-rope (Fig. 9) is furnished with a loop at one end

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FIG. 9.—Sanderson's pattern neck-rope.

and is partly covered with leather which I think should
be under-sewn, not over-sewn, as usually is the case.
This rope affords fore and aft play of the load.

(f) The crupper-rope (Fig. 10) is also furnished with a loop

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FIG. 10.—Sanderson's pattern crupper-rope.

at one end ; both of these ropes are secured to rings
on the saddle or tags on the guddee, and can be
re-tightened as required.

(g) The crupper (Fig. 11) is a U-shaped piece of iron pipe
through which the crupper-rope is
passed.

(h) Loading rope, 80 ft. long.
I would urge that all gear be
obtained as directed by Sanderson, as
follows:—

Iron saddles and crupper pipes
from the Alipore Jail, Calcutta.

Guddelas, guddees, neck and
crupper-ropes from the Harness and
Saddlery Factory, Cawnpore. Girths from the Presidency Jail,
Calcutta, as they have been manufactured at these places for some

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FIG. 11.—Iron pipe-
crupper (Sanderson).