Gazetteer of Scotland

? HEW
<••■' is chiefly a clayey loam, upon a close
impervious tilly bottom. Trees thrive
in every part of the parish, and the
*^ greater part is inclosed by hedge-rows
'•*'. and fences, and sheltered by belts and
clumps of planting. It is watered by
JLhe Lyne, and a small tributary stream
called the Terth, which unite near
the church. The principal seats are
the Wheam, a seat of. Sir James
Montgomery, Lamancha,andMagbie-
Hill. There is also an old building
galled Drochil Castle, situated at the
confiuence of the Terth and Lyne,
erected by Morton Regent of Scot-
land, who was beheaded before it was
finished. There is plenty of excel-
lent freestone,, and several rich beds
of marl. There is likewise great a-
bundance of a species of till which
contains alum. In the lands of La-
in ancha there are ten veins of iron
ore, one of which affords a consider-
able quantity of native loadstone : the
others are either the finest grain ore,
or hematites mixed with grain ore :
manganeze is also found mixed with
the ore. All these veins are on the
side of a hill of easy access, and are
wrought without pits. A manufac-
ture for converting the ochre into
paint has been established by the
Hon. Captain Cochrane, which is now
carried on with great success. Coal
and limestone abound on almost every
estate in the parish; and the soil of
the hills where the veins of ore are
found is mostly limestone gravel.
NearLamancha is a chalybeate spring,
containing a great quantity of aerial
acid, which holds the iron in solution.
In 1791, there were 230 horses, 700
black cattle, and 3000 sheep in the
parish. Population in 1801, 950.
NEW LUCE. Kide Luce (New).
NEWMACHAR. F;V/<? Machar.
(New).
NEWMILNS ; a considerable bo-
rough of barony in the parish of Lou-
don, in Ayrshire. It received its
charter of erection under the superi-
ority of the Earls of Loudon, from
King James IV, at which time it ap-
pears to have.been a place of no small
importance. It contains about 1000
inhabitants.
NEW MONKLAND. Vide
Monkland (New or East).
NEW PORT-GLASGOW, com-
TOonly called Port-Glasgow j a pa-
NEW
rish and town in Renfrewshire* The
parish is about an English mile square^
lying on the banks of the Clyde, about
4 miles above Greenock. It was for-
merly a small barony, called Newark*
belonging to the parish of Kilmal-
colm ; but the magistrates of Glas-
gow having, in the year 1668, feued a
piece of ground for forming a harbour
for the accommodation of their ship-
ping, and foreseeing it would soon be
a thriving place, got it erected into a
separate parish in 1695. The town
is called New Port-Glasgow and Ne-
wark, owing to one part of the town
being built on the feus granted by the
town-council of Glasgow, and the
other parts being built on the old ba-
rony of Newark, on feus holding of
the estate of Finlayston-Maxwell. In
the year 1775, the town of New Port-
Glasgow and Newark was, by an act
of parliament, erected into a borough
of barony, with a council of 13 per-
sons called trustees, appointed to re-
gulate the police of the town. These
trustees must be feuers, possessed of
the annual rent of lol. Sterling, aris-
ing from heritable property within
the town. They were originally elect-
ed by a general poll of the feuers %
but ever after are self-elected. Of
these trustees, two bailies are electedj*
one by the town-counchof Glasgow^
and the other by the trustees them-
selves ; " which two bailies (as the'
charter states), or either of them, are
authorized, empowered, and required
to administer justice, and to exercise
all the power and authority, by the
laws of Scotland committed to the
bailies of a borough of barony." The
revenue, under the management of
the bailies and trustees, is upwards of
5001. per annum. The harbour is ex-
cellent ; and there are extensive ware-
houses on the quay, belonging to the
Glasgow merchants. It is a port of
the custom-house, having 1 25 vessels,
measuring 12,760 tons belonging to
it in 1791. The trade carried on is
very considerable; as it appears by
the custom-house books, that, ia
1790, the number of vessels to and
from the port were 450, measuring
46,560 tons. Contiguous to the
town, and near the shore, stands the;
castle of Newark, a strongly fortified
edifice, built in 1599. In the chan-
nel of the river, opposite to the castle,