Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

EXT ( 556
crifice. See Sacrifice, Haruspex, and Divi¬
nation.
EXTORTION, in law, is an illegal manner of wrefling
any thing from a man either by force, menace, or au¬
thority.
EXTRACT, in pharmacy, is a folution of the purer
parts of a mixed body infpiflated, by diftillation or e-
•vaporation, nearly to the confidence of honey. See
Chemistry.
Extract, in matters of literature, is fomething copied
or colle&ed from a book or paper.
EXTRACTION, in chemidry and pharmacy, the ope¬
ration by which eflences, timdures, he. are drawn
from natural bodies. See Chemistry.
Extraction, in forgery, is the drawing any foreign
matter out of the body by the hand, or by the help of
indruments. See Surgery.
Extraction, in genealogy, implies the dock or fami¬
ly from which a perfon is defeended.
Extraction of roots, in algebra and arithmetic. See
Algebra, p. 86. and Arithmetics, p. 420.
EXTRACTOR, in midwifery, an indrument, or for¬
ceps, for extrading children by the head. See Mid¬
wifery.
EXTRAVAGANTES, thofe decretal epidles, which
were publilhed after the clementines. See Clemen¬
tines.
They were fo called becaufe, at fird, they were not
idigeded, or ranged, with the other papal conditutions,
but feemed to be, as it were, detached from the ca¬
non law. They continued to be called by the fame
name when they were afterwards inferred in the body
of the canon law. The fird extravagantes are thofe
of John XXII. fucceflbr of Clement V. the lad collec¬
tion was brought down to the year 1483, and was
called the common extravagantes, notwithdandinng
that they were likewife incorporated with the red of
the canon law.
EXTRAVASATION, in contufions, fiflures, depref-
fions, fradures, and other accidents of the cranium,
is when one or more of the blood-veffels, that are di-
ftributed on the dura mater, is broke or divided,
whereby there is fuch a difeharge of blood as greatly
opprefles the brain, and didurbs its office; frequently '
brnging ob violent pains, and other mifehiefs; and at
length death itfelf, unlefs the patient; is timely re¬
lieved. See Surgery, and Medicine.
EXTREMES, in logic, the terms expreffing the two
ideas whofe relation we inquire after in a fyllogifm.
Extreme unction. SeeUNCTioN.
EXTRINSIC, among metaphyficians, is taken in vari¬
ous fenfes: fometimes it fignifies a thing’s not belong¬
ing to the effence of another; in which fenfe, the ef¬
ficient caufe and end of a thing are faid to be extrinfic.
Sometimes it fignifies a thing’s not being contained
within the capacity of another; in which fenfe, thefe
) E Z 11
caufes are called extrinfic which introduce fomething
into a fubjed from without, as when a fire introduces
heat. Sometimes it fignifies a thing added or applied
to another; in which fenfe accidents and adherents are
faid to be extrinfic to the fubjeds to which they ad¬
here. Sometimes the vifion is faid to be extrinfic
from fome form which does not exill in that thing,
but is adjacent to it, or by fome means or other with¬
out it.
EXULCERATION, in furgery. See Ulcer.
EXUVIAE, among naturalifls, denote the call-off parts
or coverings of animals, as the Ikins of ferpents, ca¬
terpillars, and other infeds.
EYE, in anatomy. See-ANATOMY, p. 289.
Bull's Eye, in aftronomy. See Aldebaran.
Eye-glass, in the microfcope. See Microscope
and Opt i cs.
EYEMOUTH, or Aymouth, a port-town of Scotland,
about fix miles north of Berwick.
EYRAC, or Izaca-arabic, a province of Afiatic
Turky, fituated on the river Euphrates, being the an¬
cient Chaldea or Babylonia.
Eyrac, or Irac-agem, the ancient Parthia, now the
principal province of Perfia, is fituated almoft in the
centre of that kingdom, its capital city being Ifpahan,
the metropolis of the whole kingdom.
EYRE, or Eire, in law, the court of itinerant juftices.
See Justices.
EYSENACH, a city of Germany, in the circle of Up¬
per Saxony : E. long. io° 12V and N. lat. 51°.
EZEKIEL, a canonical book of the Old Tellament, re¬
ferring chiefly to the degenerate manners and corrup¬
tions of the Jews of thofe times.
It abounds with fine fentences and rich comparifons,
and difeovers a good deal of learning in profane
matters.
Ezekiel was carried captive to Babylon with Jecho-
niah, and began his prophecies in the fifth year of the
captivity. He was cotemporary with Jeremiah, who
prophefied at the fame time in Judea, He foretold
many events, particularly the deftrudion of the temple,
the fatal cataftrophe of thofe who revolted from Baby¬
lon to Egypt, and the happy return of the Jews to
their own land.
EZRA, a canonical book of the OldTeftament, compre¬
hending the hiftory of the Jews from the time of
Cyrus’s edid for their return, to the twentieth year of
Artaxerxes Longimanus. It fpecifies the number of
Jews who returned, and Cyrus’s proclamation for the
rebuilding the temple, together with the laying'its
foundation, the obftrudions it met with, and the fi-
niffiing thereof in the reign of Darius.
The illuftrious author of this book, was alfo the re-
ftorer and publiflier of the canon of the Old Tefta-
ment.
F.