Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

EXP (
-prlefts» then he received from the heads of the peo¬
ple two goats for a fin-offering, and a ram for a burnt-
offering, to be offered in the name of the whole mul¬
titude. It was determined by lot which of the goats
fhouid be factificed, and which fet at liberty. After
this he perfumed the fanfluary with incenfe, and fprink-
led it with blood : then, coming out, he facrificed the
goat upon which the lot had fallen. This done, the
goat which was to be fet at liberty being brought to
him, he laid his hands upon its head, confeffed his
fins, and the fins of the people, and then fent him a-
way into fome defart place: it was called azazel, or
the fcape-goat.
As to the expiations among the heathens, they
were of feveral kinds, as. facrifices, and religious
waihings.
Expiation, in a figurative fenfe, is applied by divines
to the pardon procured to mens fins, by the merits of
Chrift’s death.
EXPIRATION, in phyfic, that part of refpiration
whereby the air is expelled, or driven out of the lungs.
EXPLICITE, in the fchools, fomething clear, diltinfl,
formal, and unfolded.
EXPLOSION,'in phyfics, is propprly applied to the
going off of gun-powder and the report made thereby.
Hence, it is ufed to exprefs fuch hidden aflions of
bodies as generate air inltantaneoufly.
EXPONENT, in algebra. See Algebra.
Exponent is alfo ufed in arithmetic, in the fame fenfe
as index or logarithm.
EXPORTATION, the Ihipping and carrying out of the
the kingdom wares and commodities for other coun¬
tries. See Commerce.
EXPOSITION, in general, denotes the fetting a thing
open to public view: thus it is the Romanifts fay, the
hoft is expofed, when (hewn to the people.
Exposition, in a literary fenfe, the explaining an au¬
thor, paffage, writing, or the like, and fetting their
meaning in an obvious and clear light.
EXPOSITOR, or Expository, a title given to fmall
diflionaries, ferving to explain the hard words of a
language
EXPOSTULATION, in rhetoric, a warm addrefs to a
perfon, who has done another fome injury, reprefent-
ing the wrong in the flrongeft terms, and demanding
red refs.
EXPOSURE, in gardening, the fituation of a garden,
wall, or the like, with refpeft to the points of the
compafs, as fouth or ealt.
EXPRESS, fomething that is determinate or precife, or
in fuch formal terms as leaves no room for doubt.
Express alfo denotes a courier. See Courier.
EXPRESSED oils, in chemiftry. See Chemistry,
p. 93.
Expression, in rhetoric, the elocution, diflion, or
choice of words in a difcourfe. See Composition.
Expression, in painting, a natural and lively reprefen-
tation of the fubjeft, or of the feveral objefls intended
to be Ihewn.
The expreflion confiffs chiefly in reprefenting the
human body and all its parts, in the aflion fuitable to
555 ) EXT
it: in exhibiting in the face the feveral paffions pro¬
per to the figures, and obferving the motions they im-
prefs on the external parts.
EXPULSION, in a general fenfe, the aft of violently
driving a perfon out of any city, fociety, &c.
Expulsion, in medicine, the aft whereby any thing is
forcibly driven out of the place in which it is: thus we
fay, the expulfion of the foetus in delivery.
EXTASY, a tranfport which fufpends the ftinflion of
the fenfes, by the intenfe contemplation of fome extra¬
ordinary or fppernatural objefl.
Extasy, in medicine, a fpecies of catalepfy, when a
perfon perfeftly remembers, after the paroxyfm is over,
the ideas he conceived during the time it lafted.
EXTENSION, in philofophy, one of the common and
effential properties of body, or that by which it poffeffes
or takes up fome part of univerfa! fpace, which is call¬
ed the place of that body. See Metaphysics.
EXTENSOR, an appellation given to feveral mafcles,
from their extending or ftretching the parts to which
they belong. See Anatomy, Part II.
Old and new EXTENT, in Scots law. The old extent
was a valuation or eftiihate of the annual value of all
the lands in Scotland, taken (it is thought before the
reign of Alexander III.) for the purpofe of propor¬
tionating the public fubfidies, and afcertaining the rates
of certain feudal cafualties. By improvement, and
the alteration in the nominal value of money, this
valuation, or old extent, became, in length of time,
too low a ffandard for computing their feudal cafual¬
ties ; wherefore, about the reign of Robert I. all in-
queffs for ferving. heirs were ordained to take proof al¬
fo of the prefent value of the lands contained in the
brief. This laft was called the new extent. See
Scots Law, title 12. None of thefe extents is
the rule by which the land-tax is now proportioned in
Scotland. See Valuation, or Valued Rent.
EXTERIOR, or External. See External.
EXTERMINATION, in general, the extirpating or dc-
ftroying fomething.
Extermination, in Algebra. See Algebra, p. 104.
EXTERNAL, a term of relation applied to the furface
or outfide of a body ; or that part which appears or
prefents itfelf to the eye, touch, <bc. in contradi-
ftinftion to internal.
External is alfo ufed to fignify any thing that is with-
out-fide a man, or that is not within himfelf, particu¬
larly in his mind, in which fenfe we may fay external
objefls, he.
EXTINCTION, in general, denotes the putting out or
deftroying fomething, as a fire or flame.
EXTINGUISHMENT, in law, is a confolidation or u-
nion, as where one has due to him a yearly rent out
of lands, and afterwards purchafes the lands out of
which the rent arifes: in this cafe, both the property
and the rent being united in one poffeffor, the rent is
faid to be extinguifhed.
EXTIRPATION, the fame with extermination. See
Extermination.
EXTISPEX, in antiquity, the perfon who drew pre-
fages from viewing the intrails of animals offered in fa-
crifice.