Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

CAM (H) CAM
cretes a liquor. They are very impatient of cold ; are crifices to the gods, but more efpecialiy attended the
eafily tamed, and carry burdens of about fifty or fixty flamen dialis.
pounds weight. When reftive, they are pufhed on by CAMIS, or Kamis, in the Japonefe affairs, denote the
iqueezing their teliicles. When enraged by their dri- ' deified fouls of illuftrious perfonages, believed to in-
ver, they throw out from their mouth a liquor which tereft themfelves in the welfare of their countrymen :
corrodes and makes the Ikin rife into Llifters. 4. The In which fenfe they anfwer to the deified heroes of an-
pacos, or Iheep of Chili, has no bunch on the back. tiquity. See Hero.
It is covered with a fine valuable wool, which is of a CAMISARDS, a name given by the French to the
blood-red colour on the back of the animal, and white Calvinifts of the Cevennes, who formed a league, and
on the belly. It is unfit for carrying burdens, and is took, up arms in their own defence, in 1688.
kept principally for the fake of the wool, and the CAMLETINE, a flight (fuff, made of hair and coarfe
flefh, which is exceedingly well-tafled. filk, in the manner of camblet. It is now out of fa*
CAMERA obfcurct, in optics, a machine reprefenting fliion.
an artificial eye, wherein the images of external ob- CAMMIN, a port-town of Brandenburg-Pomerahia in
jedls are exhibited diltindtly, in their native colours,; Germany, fituated on the eafter-n mouth of the river
either inverted or eredh See Optics.
CAMERARIA, in botany, a genus of the pentandria
monogynia clafs. The flower of which is a petal of a
funnel-form, with a cylindrical long tube, ventricofe
both at the bafe and top, and a plane limb divided
into five lanceolated fegments: The fruit is compofed
of two oblong follicles, bent horizontally, obtufe at
both ends, and fending out a lobe on each fide,, near
the bafe ; they have one cell, with one valve, contain¬
ing numerous, oval, and imliricated feeds, inferred in
a large oval membrane at the bafe. There are two
fpecies, viz. the latifolia, and anguftifolia, both na¬
tives of America.
CAMERATED, among builders, the fame with vault¬
ed or arched.
GAMERET-BAY, in the province of Britany in
France, forms the harbour of Brelt. See Bilest.
GAMERINO, a town of the ecclefiaftical ftate in I-
taly.
CAMERLINGO, according to Ducange, fignified for¬
merly the pope’s or emperor’s treafurer: At prefent,
camerlingo is nowhere ufed, but at Rome, where it
notes the cardinal who governs the ecclefiallical ftate,
and adminifters juftice. It is the moft eminent office at
the court of Rome, becaufe he is at the head of the
treafury. During a vacation of the papal chair, the
cardinal camerlingo publiffies edifts, coins money, and
exerts every other prerogative of a fovereign prince 'r
he has under him a treafurer-general, auditor-general,
and twelve prelates called clerks of the chamber.
GAMERONIANS, a party of' prefbyterians, which
fprung up in Scotland in the reign of king Charles II.
They affirmed that the king had forfeited his right to
the crown, by breaking the folemn league and cove¬
nant, which were the terms on which he received it.
They pretended both to dethrone and excommunicate
him; and broke out into an-open rebellion. Upon the
revolution, they were reconciled to the kirk, and their
preachers fubmitted to the general aftembly of the
church of Scotland,, in 1690. That fed is now great¬
ly declined. They are few in number,-and. fplit into
many parties.
CAMERY, or Frounce, in korfes. SeeTROUNCE.
C.AMILLI, and Camilla, in Roman antiquity, a cer¬
tain number, of boys and girls, who.affifted in the far
Oder, about thirty miles north of Stetin : E. long..
1 50, N. lat. 540.
CAMP, the ground upon which an army pitch their tents.
It is marked out by the quarter-mafter general, who
appoints every regiment their ground.
The chief advantages to be minded in chufing a
camp for an army, are, to have it near the water, in a
country of forage, where the foldiers may find wood
for dreffing their vifluals ; that it have a free commu¬
nication with garrifons, and with a country from
whence it may be fuppiied with proviftons ; and, if
poffible, that it be fituated on a rifing ground, in a
dry gravelly foil. Befides,. the advantages of the
ground ought to be confidered, as marlhes, woods,
rivers, and inclofures ; and if the camp be near the
enemy, with no river or marfh to cover it, the army
ought to be intrenched. An army always encamps
fronting the enemy ; and generally in two lines, run¬
ning parallel about five hundred yards diftance ; the
horie and dragoons, on the wings, and the foot in the
centre: Sometimes a body of two, three, or four bri¬
gades is encamped behind the two lines, and is called
the body of referve. The artillery and bread-wag¬
gons are generally encamped in the rear of the two
lines. A battalion of foot is allowed eighty or an hun¬
dred paces for its camp ; and thirty or forty for an
interval betwixt one battalion and another. A fqua-
dron of horfe is allowed thirty for its camp, and thirty,
for an interval, and more if the ground will allow it.
The difpofition of the Hebrew encampment was.at.
firft laid out by God himfelf. Their camp was of a
quadrangular form, furrounded with an inclofure:of
the height of ten hands-breadth. It made a fquare
of twelve miles in compafs about the tabernacle ; and,
within this was another, called the. Levites camp.
The Greeks had alfo their camps, fortified with gates*
and ditches. The Lacedemonians made their camp
of a round figure, looking, upon that as the moft per-
fe<3 anddefenfible of any form : We are not, however,
to imagine, that they thought this form fo effential
to. a camp, as never to be difpenfed with when the
circuraftance of the place required it. Of the reft,of
the Grecian camps, it maybe obferved, that the moft
valiant of the foldiers were placed at the extremities,
the reft in the middle. Thus we learn from Homer,
that