Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

CAM (
the week only on bread and water. Thefe conftitu-
tions were, however, a little moderated fome time af¬
terwards. This hermitage is now accounted very
rich. .
CAMARA, in botany. See Lantana.
CAM ARAN A, an ifland of Arabia in the Red fea, fi-
tuated in 15 0 N. lat,
CAMBAIA, a city of the province of Cambaia, or Gu-
; zarat, in the higher peninfula of India ; it is a very
large city, and had once a great trade, now removed
to Surat : E. long. 720, and N. lat. 230 30'.
CAMAYES, in commerce, cotton linens made at Ben¬
gal, at Madrafs, and fome other places on the coalt
of Coromandel.
CAMBER-among builders, a piece of timber in
an edifice, cut archwife, or with an obtufe angle in
.the middle, commonly ufed in platforms, as church-
leads, and on other occafions where long and llrong
beams ^re required.
CAMBLET, or Camlet, a plain Huff, compofed of
a warp and woof, which is manufadtured on a loom,
with two treddles, as linens and flannels are.
There are camblets of feveral forts, fome of goat’s
hair, both in the warp and woof; others, in which
the warp is of hair, and the woof half hair and half
filk; others again, in which both the warp and the
woof are of wool; and laftly, fome of which the
warp is of wool and the umof of thread. Some are
dyed in thread, others are dyed in the piece, others
are marked or mixed; fome are flripped, fome wea¬
ved or watered, and fome figured.
Camblets are proper for feveral ufes, according to
their different kinds and qualities ; fbme ferve to make
garments both for men and women ; fome for bdd-cur¬
tains ; others for houfehold-furniture, drc.
CAMBODIA, the capital of a kingdom of the fame
name in India, beyond the Ganges: E. long. 104°,
N. lat 120 30',
The kingdom of Cambodia extends from 90 to 150
of N. lat. being bounded by the kingdom of Laos on
the north, Cochin-china on the eaft, the Indian ocean
on the fouth, and by the bay of Siam on the weft.
CAMBRAY, a city in the French Netherlands, fituated
on the river Schelde, near its fource : E. long. 30 x j7,
and N. lat. 50° l5,.
It is a large and well-built pity, confiderable for its
linerr manufa&ure, efpecially cambricks, which took
their name from hence.
CAMBRICKS, a fpecies of very fine white linen, made
of flax at Cambray.
CAMBRIDGE, the capital of Cambridgefliire, fituated
upon the river Cam, about fifty-five miles nortlx of
London, and fixty north-eaft of Oxford.
Cambridge is moft remarkable on account of its uni-
verfity, which confifts of fixteen colleges, wherein are
educated about fifteen hundred Undents. There are
fourteen parifhes in the town, which is faid to contain
about fix thoufand inhabitants.
New Cambridge, a town of New- England, about
'three miles weft of Bolton; likev/ife remarkable for
Vgl. II. No. 30. 3
13 ) G A M
an univerfity, confifting of three colleges : W. long.
70° 4', and N. lat. 420.
CAMEL, in zoology. See Camelus.
CAMELFORD, a borough-town of Cornwall, about
twenty miles weft of Launcefton: W. Ions;, c0, and
N. lat. 50° 40’.
It fends two members to parliament.
CAMELIA, in botany, a genus of the monodelphia po-
lyandria clafs. 'The calix is imbricated, and confifts
of many leaves, the anterior of which are longeft.
There is but one fpecies, viz. the japonica, a native
of China and Japan.
CAMELOPARDALIS, in zoologj', the trivial name
of a fpecies of cervus. See Cervus.
CAMELUS, or Camel, in zoology, a genus of qua¬
drupeds belonging to the order of pecora. The cha-
rafters of the camel are thefe : It has no horns, it has
fix foreteeth in the under-jaw; the laniard are wide fet,
three in the upper, and two in the lower jaw; and there
is a fiflure in the upper lip, refembiing the cleft in the
lip of a hare. The Ipecies are four, viz. 1. The drome-
darius, or African camel, (Plate LIX. fig. 2.) with one
bunchy or protuberance on the back. I t has four cal¬
lous protuberances on the fore-legs, and two on the
hind ones. The hoof, or rather callous fkin of their
feet, which is fofter than the hoofs of other animajs,
enables the camel to walk along the fandy paths of
warm climates with greater eafe ; by yielding to the
preflure, it is not fo fubjetf to be injured by fritfion.
The ftrutfure and conftitution of the camel is admira¬
bly adapted to the climate wdiich produces them. In
Africa and Arabia, where this animal is moft frequent,
and is employed in carrying all kinds of burdens, there
is great fcarcity of water. The camel has often been
obfervednto travel longer than any other creature with¬
out drink. This it is enabled to do, from a Angular
conftruAion in its ftomachs. It is one of the rumina¬
ting animals, and has four ftomachs. At the top of
the fecond ftomach, there are feveral fquare holes,
which are the orifices of about twenty cavities or facks,
placed between the two membranes which compofethe
fubftance of this ftomach. Thefe facks are fo many
refervoirs which they fill over and above what fatisfies
their prefent thirft, and ferve for fupplying them with
water in long journeys through the dry and fandy de¬
farts, where wells or rivers are feldpm to be met with.
Travellers, when much oppreffed with drought, are
fometimes obliged to kill their camels, in order to
have a fupply of drink from thefe refervoirs. The ca¬
mel carries very heavy burdens, andYravels long, but
with a flow pace. They have fometimes been known
to travel feveral days without a frefh fupply of water.
When fatigued, they lie on their breaft. 2. The Badtri-
anus, or Baftrian camel (fig. 3.), has two bunches on the
back, the hindmoft of which is by much the largeft.
It is a native of Africa, and is more rardy to be met
with than the dromedary. It is alfo much fwifter h:
its motion. 3. The glama, or South-American ca-
mtl-ftieep, has a fmojoth ikin, and very fiiort hair; it
has a bunch or protuberance on the .breaft, which fe-.
cretes