DULLUNDA ASYLUM.                                            23

food; but the men who do it are those whose voracity is but one of their many insane impulses,
—of the class whom no feeding can benefit, and of whom the death-list largely consists.
Those whose appearance would suggest that they are suffering from the rapacity of their
neighbours, are themselves the aggressors.

8.    It may be asked if the main sources of mortality be outside the asylum, why such
pressing demands have been made on the Government for additional buildings. What can
accommodation in the asylum do to prevent illness in the town. The answer is easy. I do
not calculate on any marked effect of more room on the mortality ? It would have been no
less my duty to put forward the crowded state of the place for amendment if the death-rate
had been exceptionally low instead of high. That the breathing space available is far below
that which the most tolerant sanitary rules will sanction, and that a cachectic condition occurs
here as in other populous institutions, are reasons sufficient for the extension.

9.    The industrial system of the asylum has a relation to its sanitary state scarcely less
close than that of diet; and as it has now attained its full development, after a gradual
growth of ten years, it will be useful and interesting to summarize the facts which those years
have brought forth, to indicate the bearing of labour on mortality. The effect of work on
health has been most sedulously watched throughout. No consideration of profit has been
allowed to prevail over the great objects of its introduction—discipline and cure. In forming
an opinion on the burthen and suitability of the forms of industry in use, it must be observed
that the task imposed on laborers elsewhere by soorkee-making, oil-mill, &c., is here indefi-
nitely reduced by dividing the labour of one between several, by limiting the hours of work
and imposing no fixed daily outturn. I will now confine myself to tracing the relation
between work and death as it is recorded in the history of the past ten years.

10.    In 1860 there was no employment for the people. They passed their time between
turbulence and idleness and sleep and food. With the last they were plied from first waking
in the morning; at all hours I could find a man with a pile of untouched food by his side.
The waste was enormous, and the mortality higher than it has ever been since. I append a
table of death-rates from 1856, reckoned on the total number treated. Mean daily numbers
were not procurable until 1861.

11. In every annual report mention has been made of the vigilance maintained
throughout against excessive or ill-apportioned work. I have now taken up the last three
volumes of the diary, in which are written the histories of all fatal cases from 1864 to 1870;
they are 270 in number. Of these 154 had never touched work of any kind, 102 had done
nominal work, and 14 had worked at the oil-presses, the looms, and stone-breaking. In these
14, there were 3 cases of dysentery, 3 of pneumonia, 2 of cholera, 2 of anæmia, and one each
of phthisis, pleurisy, variola, and abscess. Here, as in the case of diet, no comment can

* A fatal year everywhere.                                          † Or, cholera excluded, 8.3.