18           REPORT OF THE CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,

animals have been protected by goat spleen vaccination in the last two
years. In many instances only those animals, which for reasons of
work or otherwise, escaped the inoculation when carried out as a
prophylactic in the absence of the disease, succumbed to natural
infection in an outbreak occurring subsequently.

Lower Burma continued to be relatively free from this disease. In
Upper Burma the heaviest mortality occurred in Yamèthin and Toungoo
Districts on the Mandalay trunk road and in Myingyan and Meiktila on
the Thazi-Myingyan main road.

Anthrax.—Vaccination against this disease has been continued
successfully during the year. The protection of working elephants
against this disease has reduced the incidence of the disease in these
animals practically to zero and as most of the animals in work are now
inoculated annually, the local reactions which were noted during the
early years of vaccination, have now ceased to give any cause for
apprehension. The immunity produced is efficient as indicated by
the fact that no animals vaccinated in the previous 12 months have
contracted the disease.

Outbreaks occurred in many districts in cattle and buffaloes, causing
a total mortality of 825. Vaccination was employed in outbreak areas
as a prophylactic with successfull results.

Hæmorrhagic Septicæemia.—This disease has continued to give
trouble in the Delta and Maritime districts and more extensive protection
will require to be given by vaccination in the future when staff is
available for this work.

Black Quarter.—The incidence of this disease was very low during
the year. The total deaths for the Province were 336. Two districts
only were infected.

Surra.—This disease, although enzootic throughout the greater part
of Burma and normally present in the blood of bovines, does not
usually give rise to outbreaks in equines except in the hill areas.
During the year under report serious outbreaks of the disease were
reported from one district only, Pakôkku, with a mortality of 40 animals
(equines).

Strangles.—One case of this disease from the Pakôkku District was
recorded during the year.

Epizootic Lymphangitis.—No cases recorded.

Glanders.—This disease occurred in localized outbreaks in Myitkyina,
Insein and Maymyo, giving rise to ten cases, which were destroyed on
test or on clinical symptoms. It is proposed during the coming year
to introduce systematic testing of a percentage of animals employed in
municipalities at regular intervals and arrangements for identifying the
animals which have passed the test, by means of a sealed wire around
the neck, are already in progress.