N-BUTYLIDENE CHLORIDE                                  177

fact that n-butylidene chloride is less soluble than carbon tetrachloride (solubility
1; 1,250), it was believed that a greater proportion of the n-butylidene chloride
might possibly be carried into the cæcum and colon, the site of strongyle infesta-
tion in horses. The fact that n-butylidene chloride in large doses is well tolerated
by dogs and is not followed by severe liver lesions in such animals indicated the
possibility that it might safely be administered to horses, in relatively large doses.
Accordingly in the tests reported in this paper doses of 0.207 to 0.333 c.c. per kilo-
gram of body weight were given. These were followed by no deleterious effects.

Of the chlorinated alkyl hydrocarbons, only two, carbon tetrachloride and
tetrachlorethylene, have been tested on horses. Hall (4) tested carbon tetrachloride
alone and also a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulphide. He found
that carbon tetrachloride alone in doses of 25 to 50 c.c. was partially effective in
removing bots, entirely effective in removing the ascarids present in the two test
animals that had these parasites, entirely effective in removing strongyles. and
partially effective against cylicostomes.

De Blieck and Baudet ( 1), using somewhat larger doses than those employed
by Hall, confirmed Hall's results with carbon tetrachloride. Demnitz (2), using a
dose of 100 gm., carried out tests with carbon tetrachloride on six horses. One of
the animals died after treatment and the others were severely intoxicated. Dem-
nitz concluded that carbon tetrachloride was effective but unsafe for horses. How-
ever, he administered the drug by passing the stomach tube only one-third the
length of the esophagus; the fatality and the intoxications may possibly have
resulted from aspiration of the carbon tetrachloride into the trachea and lungs.

Shul'ts and Raevskaia (12) reported a series of experiments with carbon tetra-
chloride on horses. They recommended a routine dose of 150 to 200 c.c. for strong
mature animals and stated that the smaller doses recommended by American inves-
tigators are not sufficiently effective. They concluded that at best the treatment
with carbon tetrachloride can be expected only to lower the degree of infestation
and that complete elimination of the strongyles cannot be accomplished with this
drug.

After treating a considerable number of animals in the clinic of the Berlin
Veterinary College, Neumann-Kleinpaul and Pelckmann (8) gave, as symptoms
produced by the administration of carbon tetrachloride, the following: Apathy,
anorexia, increased thirst, colicky symptoms, tremor, bloating, evidences of pain,
fluctuating temperature, variation in the pulse and respiration rates, cough, diar-
rhœa, icterus, and the appearance of albumin in the urine. These investigators
found that the degree of toxicity is not always in proportion to the size of the
dose of carbon tetrachloride. Furthermore, they demonstrated that the blood-