259

30.In company. Men only use these drugs,
except prostitutes, who use charas and ganja.
Children do not use them.

31.Habit easily formed and hard to break off.
The tendency is not for a moderate habit to
become excessive.

32. It is a custom at Holi to use bhang, but I
don't call it a religious custom, and it is not
essential. It is not excessive, does not lead to
formation of the habit and is not injurious.

33.All three drugs are considered evil, because
the senses are injured and the brain weakened by
their use. There is no custom of worshipping
hemp plant.

34.Very severe if it were stopped suddenly
because of the strength of habit.

35.It would be feasible to prohibit the use
of these drugs. As many of the soldiers use it,
the discontent caused by it might be a political
danger : charas and ganja should be first stopped
by degrees, leaving bhang. Alcoholic stimulants
would not be used.

36.No.

37.Ganja has stronger effects.

40.(a) Bhang is used by native doctors for
piles.
(b)It is given to cattle for weakness of diges-
tion.

41.(a) None of them are good.
(b) Useful because they dull the perception.
(c)  Bhang is good, but charas and ganja are
not good.
(d)  In no other way.

Bhang is not used by respectable people.

42.All intoxicants harm the brain and are
bad.

43.Not at all.

44.Ganja and charas—intoxication at once,
and hunger is stopped. Intoxication lasts two
hours and then limbs feel broken. Cough and
lung diseases are caused by use of these. Bhang
effects come in a little time, appetite is promoted,
body feels refreshed, and mind is excited. This
lasts two or three hours. No after-effects are
found. There is a great longing for each of these
drugs, if it is not obtained.

45.Body is weakened and dried up, appetite
and digestion are weakened, coughs and asthma
are caused. The mental faculties are diminished.
The moral faculties are injured. Habits of de-
bauchery are not caused by it. The intellect is
weakened and insanity is produced,

47,Not hereditary. Children of charas and
ganja smokers may be weak. Children of bhang
drinkers are not affected.

49.It is so used by men and prostitutes. It
produces impotence.

51.Most bad characters use these drugs ; but
the use has no connection with crime. They use
them because they are of bad character,

53.No ; because the minds are deadened.

54.No.

55.Not possible,

58.Yes.

62. Ought to be controlled by letting out
tracts to contractors.

69. A proclamation is issued calling on all
people to give any objection they may have to
opening a new shop.

191.Evidence of KUNWAR KUNDAN SINGH, Brahmin, Zamindar, Lakhnan, Pargana

Hathras, District Aligarh.

1.I have enquired of the people of Muttra,
Brindaban, Bharatpur, and Solon, since receiving
these questions, but do not use any of these drugs
myself.

2.In Hardwar and in Bhartpur State.

4.The plant is known in Bhartpur as thatia.

6.I once saw a field of bhang at Hardwar. It
grew densely.

7.Hemp plant (patsan) is cultivated in these
parts only, (d) for its fibre. It is sown on the
borders of fields, and not to any large extent.

13.It is not restricted.

14.None.

17.None,

18.Bhang is injured by cold (frost ?). It will
keep good for two years if kept in warm place.
Ganja and charas are the same. All three should
be kept in a dry place.

19.Only for smoking.

20.Bairagis, kahars, sadhus, smoke ganja and
charas. About two-thirds of all bairagis use both
ganja and charas all over India. About half
kahars and sadhus use them where they live.

22.I hear charas comes especially from Kabul,

23.Never.

24.All classes of Hindus drink bhang in the
localities I have mentioned. All bairagis drink
bhang. All Chaubes of Muttra drink it. About
one-fourth of Brahmins drink it. About one-sixth
of Banias drink it. About one-fourth of Kayasths
drink it. About one-half Thakurs drink it. About
one-fourth of remaining low castes drink it.

Of these Kahars use it most, about one-half
being confirmed drinkers. Only about 5 per cent
of Musalmans drink it, and these are all of low
class.

(a) I have never heard of it being eaten, ex-
cept as majum, which is eaten by all classes at
the holi.

25.Bhang is on the increase. I have seen
pandits using it lately.

26.At holy places the proportions are as
follows :—

(a)	About 25 per cent.
(b)	About 50	„
(c)	About 10	„
(d)	About 15	„

27. (a) Bhang.—Brahmins, Banias, Thakurs,
Kaiths, Kahars are habitual moderate consumers.
They have acquired the habit by seeing others
practise it.

Ganja.—Kahars are habitual moderate smokers.
Charas.—Kahars.

(b) Bhang Chaubes, Bairagis, Brahmins at
Ghats are habitual excessive consumers, Bairagis

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