56

generally temperate. It is not likely to lead to the
formation of the habit, and is not otherwise
injurious.

  33. In this district those who make use of ganja
as an intoxicating ingredient are regarded as men
of a lower social grade, and their actions are severe-
ly criticised. There is a public opinion, but not
so strong as before. As the consumption of in-
toxicants is prohibited according to the Hindu
religion, those who consume them incur a certain
amount of odium. The use of any form of the
narcotic is generally in disrepute on account of
religious sentiment. There is no custom of wor-
shipping the hemp plant in this district.

  34. It will be a serious privation to those who
ore habituated to the excessive consumption of the
drug to forego its use. The consumers would
suffer from illness when they are deprived of the
drug they are accustomed to. They will not be
able to take their ordinary meals, and will get
maciated. The probable number of ganja con-
sumers will be one per cent. of the total population.

  35. It will be feasible to prohibit the use of
these drugs. The drug would be consumed
illicitly. The use of ganja can be effectively pro-
hibited by putting a stop to its cultivation. The
prohibition will occasion serious discontent among
the consumers. Such discontent will not amount
to a political danger. Most of the consumers are
said to have become cowards by the use of the
hemp plant. It is impossible to say that the pro-
hibition will be followed by recourse to alcoholic
stimulants or other drugs. But the probabilities
are that recourse will be had to alcoholic stimu-
lants.

  36. There is no reason for thinking that alcohol
is now being substituted for ganja.

  37.  Charas smoking is not practised in this
district.

  38. Round ganja is not imported here for sale.
The flat ganja is considered more intoxicating
than the chur ganja.

  39. Smoking is considered more injurious than
drinking or eating any of these drugs, as the
smoke affects the brain more quickly than eating
or drinking.

  40. Native doctors substitute on rare occasions
ganja for chloroform on account of the medicinal
qualitities of the former. Ganja is also utilized
in the treatment of cattle disease.

  41. The moderate use of ganja is beneficial in
its effects—

      (a) as a food accessory and digestive;

      (b) to give staying-power under severe exer-
           tion or exposure, and to alleviate
           fatigue.

      (c) It is a popular belief here that the use of
           ganja in malarious and unhealthy
           tracts is a febrifuge and preventive of
           disease.

  About 5 per cent. of manual labourers use
ganja for its above-mentioned properties. It is the
moderate occasional use of the drug I refer to.

  42. No answer is required, as the answer to 41
is in the affirmative.

  43. Moderate consumers of ganja are inoffen-
sive to their neighbours.

  44. The immediate effect of the moderate use
of ganja on the habitual consumer is that it is re-
freshing, and that it produces immediate intoxica-
tion, alleviates fatigue and creates appetite, but it
does not allay hunger. The intoxication produced
by ganja lasts for an hour. Its after-effects are
generally attended with various emotions, such as
the heaviness of the eyes and the production of
cold. The want of subsequent gratification pro-
duces uneasiness and longing for the drug.

  45. The habitual moderate use of ganja pro-
duces noxious effects on the consumer's mind,
conduct, and physique. It impairs the constitu-
tion and injures the digestive system. It causes
bowel complaint and bronchitis and asthma, but
not dysentery. It impairs the moral sense, and
induces laziness and diminishes the power of
understanding. It does not induce habits of de-
bauchery, but creates insanity, which is temporary,
and which is removable by the discontinuance of
the use of ganja. The symptoms of insanity will
be reinduced by the use of ganja after liberation
from restraint. The eyes of the consumer grow
red, and he presents the appearance of one deeply
absorbed in meditations. Instances of insanes
who have no recorded ganja history confessing to
the use of the drug are not known. He who makes
use of ganja to obtain relief from his mental
anxiety or brain disease is likely to become in-
sane very soon. There is no evidence to indicate
that insanity tends to indulgence in the use of
ganja by a person of weakened intellect.

  An account of some cases is given below: —

  (1) Nanesahib alias Hasansab wallad Ghud-
       usab Neeliwale of Dharwar was a peon in
       the office of the Dharwar Municipality, and
       was not in good terms with the Sanitary Ins-
       pector of that municipality. The peon was
       in the habit of smoking ganja. He was
       reported to his superiors for some fault.
       The peon, thinking that he would lose his
       appointment, proceeded on leave from 1st
       August 1889, and commenced to smoke
       ganja intemperately. He began to show
       signs of insanity in the month of Decem-
       ber 1889. Nanesahib, being still in the
       habit of smoking ganja, continues in his
       state of insanity, and abuses those who
       speak to him. He is now thirty years old.

  (2) Halpa bin Fakirapa was a measurer in the
       Survey Department of the Bombay presi-
       dency. Being of weak constitution, he
       could not bear the cold climate of malarious
       districts. He therefore took to ganja smok-
       ing as a preventive of sickness. But by
       degrees he increased his doses, and conse-
       quently he became insane. He was there-
       fore removed from service. He now resides
       at Dharwar and still smokes ganja, and has
       become a confirmed insane. His age is now
       about thirty five years.

  (3) Jinapa bin Appana Upadhya, a Jain priest
       of Dharwar, was adopted by one Appana
       Upadhya, who left him nothing. Jinapa,
       having received nothing either from his
       natural or adopted father, took to ganja
       smoking. As he was not able to recite
       mantras of the god Jin, he was not employ-
       ed in performing religious ceremonies. He
       therefore spent much of his time in smoking
       ganja. Within six months he became
       insane on account of smoking ganja.
       Since the last four years he has been resid-
       ing at Dharwar. He is now smoking ganja
       intemperately.

  46. All the abovementioned noxious effects are