21
Mention the date of the
chief outbreaks of Cholera
which have occurred in
this District within
the last ten years.
Could any of these outbreaks
be traced to any particular
sources, such as arrivals
from another District ?
If so, mention them.
What was the usual point
of departure of Cholera
from the District ?
immunity is alleged.
Places that have the reputation of being free from
Cholera, with statement of grounds upon which this
7.
8.
9.
10.
March, August, September
and October 1859, February
and September 1864 and
June 1865.
In March 1859 to the body of
a person who had died of
cholera 16 miles away being
brought into the town, and to
the arrival of persons from an
infected town. In 1864 it was
traced to the crew of a vessel
from an infected port.
Unknown.
A Jail at Ernacollum in the Cochin Rajah's territory
although overcrowded.
May 1860, April 1865, June
1866.
To the fair at Budrachellum and probably to coolies
from the Lower Godavery.
The course taken by per-
sons returning from the
fair at Budrachellum.
None.
November 1864.
To pilgrims and transports to
Manaar and Penang.
Do. from Paumbem and
Ramaisweram.
Paumbem, as it is visited by
cholera only once in 10
years. No grounds given.
During the hot seasons of 1861,
1865 and 1866.
No.
Unknown.
None.
Generally, from 1857 to 1866
Attributed to the passing of pilgrims through the villages when returning from the shrines at Streerungum and Ramaiswerum, to the
consumption of newly cut grain and to the filthiness of some of the villages.
The routes taken by pilgrims
when returning home from
the fairs, festivals, &c,
A few villages on the hills in
the Pulney talook of this
district, probably owing to
their elevation.
Different modes of origina-
tion of Epidemics.
1. By importation of the disease.
2. use of tainted encamping grounds or bad
water.
3. contiguity of infected
population.
4. use of tainted carriage
and clothing.
15. The possibility of the importation even of a single case leading to the
occurrence of an epidemic in a camp, city or jail, is now indisputably
proved; while the occurrence of epidemics from the
subsequent use of camping grounds, tainted by previous
occupation; and the induction of cholera by water tainted
by cholera dejections, are now facts in its etiology which
must be accepted without dispute. Similarly, experience
has sadly proved that passing near villages, where the
disease is prevalent, has been a frequent means of introducing
it among troops marching, or of imparting it to casual travellers. Clothing, carts