2
Anti-mosquito measures were commenced in 1903 and the recorded mortality has steadily
diminished since that year.
1903
772
deaths from malaria.
1904
433
1905
295
1906
266
1907
239
The author adds that owing to the fact that the city possesses many large and modern
hospitals, which are greatly resorted to by patients from the interior, many of the deaths
from malaria shown as occurring in Rio de Janeiro are of cases that did not contract their
infection in the city.
438. Havana.-In the "Sanidad y Beneficencia" Dr. J. Le Roy y Cassa gives the
following figures which show the mortality from malaria before and after the anti-mosquito
measures commenced by Gorgas early in 1901, and continued since then :-
Years.
Total mortality.
Malaria mortality.
Co-efficient of malaria mortality.
1896
11,762
450
1.95
1897
18,135
811
3.46
1898
21,252
1,907
8.00
1899
8,153
909
3.76
1900
6,102
325
1.30
1901
5,720
151
0.55
1902
5,832
77
0.29
1903
5,465
51
0.19
1904
5,583
44
0.16
1905
5,832
32
0.11
1906
6,144
26
0.08
1907
6,708
23
0.08
1908
5,994
19
0.06
1909
5,988
6
0.01
439. Ismailia.-The following table gives the record of cases of malaria at Ismailia
since 1877 as given by Dr. Pressat. Malaria has disappeared since the introduction of
anti-malaria sanitation:-
Years.
Cases.
Years.
Cases.
1877
300
1893
1,750
1878
400
1894
1,000
1879
500
1895
1,350
1880
400
1896
1,150
1881
450
1897
2,089
1882
480
1898
1,545
1883
550
1899
1,545
1884
900
1900
2,284
1885
2,000
1901
1,990
1886
2,300
1902*
1,551
1887
1,800
1903
214
1888
1,400
1904
90
1889
1,450
1905
37
1890
1,900
1906
No fresh cases.
1891
2,590
1907
No fresh cases.
1892
2,050
1908
No malaria contract- ed in Ismailia.
* Anti-malaria work was begun in 1902.
440. Panama.-Since the commencement of work at Panama there has been an
extraordinary reduction both in the total amount of sickness and mortality, and that recorded
from malaria. Gorgas describing the present conditions, says :
"Our death-rate for the total population on the Zone has fallen from a
maximum of 67.72 per 1,000 in July 1906 to 21.52 in December 1909. The rate
for 1905 was 49.94 ; 1906-48.37 ; 1907-33.63 ; 1908-24.83; 1909-18.19 (per
thousand). The death-rate among employees from disease has fallen from a
maximum of 62.15 in July 1906 to 10.13 in December 1909."