REPORT BY MR. DAVID HOOPER, GOVERNMENT QUlNOLOGIST, MADRAS. 203

"The most recent and complete analysis of hemp speds has been published by S. Frankfurt
(Landw Versuchs. Stat. 43.143.182 Journ. Chem. Soc., March 1894, p. 113). This ex-
amination, it must be pointed out, was made upon European seeds:—

The extracts of the seeds do not reduce Fehling.s solution without previous boiling with
an acid; the sugars found in the hemp drugs were therefore not derived from the seeds..
The percentage of nitrogen (3.57) in the seeds is higher than that obtained in the ganjas
and bhangs, a result which would be expected by any one having an acquaintance with vege-
table physiology.

Sugar in hemp drugs.—The occurrence of sugar does not seem to have been noticed by
other investigators. It was detected first in the samples sold in the local bazar at Ootaca-
mund, and as it was absent from some Bombay samples, and appearing in traces in Bengal
ganjas, adulteration was suspected. But as sugar occurred in all the Madras samples; and in
pretty uniform quantity, and in the cultivated leaves from Rajshahi and the wild plants
from Assam and the Nilgiris, it could not be considered anything else than a natural con-
stituent. The nature of the sugar, besides being amorphous and allied to glucose in reducing
potassio-cupric tartrate, was not investigated. An extract of ganja containing sugar, if pre-
pared with rectified spirit, would after a time separate into two portions, a greenish-black
resinous mass, and a brownish soft substance of a liquorice-like odour and sweetish taste; The
presence of saccharine matter would not be desirable in a medicinal extract of Indian hemp
as it would dilute the active resinous matter; on the other hand, if present, it could easily be
removed by washing with water.

Organic acids in hemps.—There is no tancic acid in any of the hemp drugs. The acid
removed from the aqueous solutions by means of lead acetate resembled citric acid more than
anything else, but as a loss was experienced in separating this in a state of purity, other acids
might have been removed in the mother-liquors. Oxalate of calcium was present in all the
samples and accounted for the large quantity of calcium carbonate present in the ashes.
The larger the amount of solid aqueous extract in the drug, the higher was the proportion of
the organic acid; but this rule is interfered with when sugar occurs in the extract. The
percentage of oxide of lead in the lead compound of the organic acid ranged from 55 to 61
per cent. The colouring matter. of the extract was also removed by load acetate, but
another substance giving a transient purplish colour with ferric chloride was left in solution.

Nitrogen.—The percentage of nitrogen ranged from 1.96 to 3.48 in the ganjas, and from
1.91 to 3.17 in the samples of bhang. In the case of ganjas the high percentage of nitrogen
is generally accompanied with a large percentage of resins, but there are some remarkable ex-
ceptions to this rule, The best of the Madras samples, judging from the yield of resins, do not
contain so much nitrogen as some Bombay samples inferior is rosin contorss. The Ahmedna-
gar sample of the best quality and richest in resin contains the lowest amount of nitrogen and
vice versa. The two samples of Sind and those of Nimar him; the higher provontion of nitrogen
associated with the lower proportion of resin. The Naogaou ganjas contained alkaloids and
ammonia in the aqueous solution of their spirit extracts. Ammonia was not detected in. many
of the other samples, and was absent altogether where the nitrogen was low. Ganja requires
high cultivation, and no doubt is Naogaon and Daggupad, where the growth is well sup-
erintended, manure is largely used; Both the ganjas and bhangs contsiu more nitrogen than
the average green fodder so extensively used. The crude fibre contained a considerable amount
of nitrogen existing as insoluble albuminoid matter, as ammoniacal fumes were given off each
time it was ignited.

The resins.—The best gauge, of the resinous contents of the samples is to observe the per-
centage of "ether extracts" in the foregoing tables; the direct spirit extracts contain, as I
have pointed out, variable amounts of water-soluble matters in addition to the resins. The
Kistna ganja is the best in Madras, and the Madras city sample from Javadi hills is the
worst.

The Naogaon ganjas, as a whole, are superior to the other supplies, with the ex-
ception of the Kistna sample; giving over 25 per cent, of resins. It is strange that
in appearance as well as in composition the "first kind" of Sind ganja imported from
Panvel should be inferior to the "second. kind" imported from Sholapur. Another aspect
of the ganja trade is the difference in the composition of samples said to come from the same
place. The Sholapur ganja, sold its Sind contains 21.14. percent. of resins, while that from