145

No social or religious custom with regard to
use of drug is known of in the regiment.

33. It is not thought well of in the native
army.

Smoking it is considered worse than eating it,
owing to the smell it creates and to the stronger
effect it causes.

39. Charas is considered to be worse than
ganja, in any shape, but smoking ganja is worse than
eating ganja, as the effects of the drug are more
strongly brought out.

41.  Charas is believed to be never beneficial. It
is injurious.

The other drugs have the effect of stimulating
some people without injuring them when taken in
moderation.

42.  See answer to 41.

43.  Ganja taken even in moderation causes an
unpleasant smell.

44.  It exhilarates at first, but only for a short
time. It produces effects of intoxication; it does
not allay hunger; its effects last for three or four
hours. Yes, regular consumers feel a longing if
suddenly deprived of the drug.

45.  No. Except it excites sexual organs.
No.

No.
No.

No; but in small quantities it increases the
appetite and therefore is largely used by the
natives as an aphrodisiac.

It produces laziness.

The exciting cause of insanity; mania which
is only temporary; but symptoms may be re-
induced even by moderate doses I am informed;
there is no typical symptom; all confess without
pressure.

Amongst the women it is only taken by prosti-
tutes, and that in moderation.

Weakened intellects are prone to fall victims.

There is no case in this hospital, but I have
given my opinions from few cases I have seen else-
where.

46. It causes insanity and is difficult to give up
the habit; causes dysentery and diarrhœa and in
old people more liable to cause chest complications;
dyspepsia is caused by it, and after a time impo-
tency makes its appearance; but if appetite
continues good it may be taken for years as an
aphrodisiac.

51. No.
None.

53. I know of no case in which the excessive
indulgence in any of these drugs has incited to
unpremeditated crime, or to temporary homicidal
frenzy.

54. I understand that bhang has been and is
sometimes used by persons to fortify themselves to
commit a premeditated act of violence.

55. Complete stupefaction can be induced by
these drugs, but I think that persons intending to
commit crime would use other drugs in preference.

              Answer No. 213.

20. (a)	Combatants	945
	Hindustani Muhammadans	16
	Panjab, including Hazara	21
	Afridis	309
	Yusafzai Pathans	14
	Sikhs	461
	Dogras	114
	Hindustani Hindus	6
	Christians	4
(b)	Non-combatants	2
(c)	Authorised camp followers	57

Ganja—Nil.

Charas—2 per cent. of the Afridis.

24.  None eat bhang.

No men of the regiment drink bhang regularly,
but about 10 per cent. of the Sikhs drink a small
quantity on their days of festival, and then only
very little.

25.  Ganja is not used at all. Use of charas and
bhang appears to be on the decrease in the regi-
ment; this is ascribed to the greater amount of
work leaving less time for indulgence.

28. The average cost of bhang is about 1/32 of
an anna per day and of charas about one anna per
day for moderate habitual consumers.

32. Among the Sikhs it is a custom, sanctioned
by their religion, to consume a small quantity daily
when on active service.

33. The consumption of bhang is not regarded
as disgraceful among the Sikhs, but consumers of
charas are held in disrepute, due to the cough and
spit, and disgraceful smell and irritability of such.
Nothing is known of worshipping the hemp plant.

39. Smoking charas appears to be more injurious
than eating or drinking, but no cases can be quoted.

41.  The moderate use of bhang is said to be
beneficial, improving the appetite and rendering
more labour possible. The Sikhs resort to it when
they have to undergo any great fatigue and say it
enables them to do so to a greater extent than
without it.

Charas does not seem to be beneficial.

42.  Moderate use of bhang seems harmless.
Moderate use of charas is said to be injurious, but
no cases have ever come under my notice of ill-
effects from either.

43.  Moderate consumers of bhang are inoffen-
sive to their neighbours. Moderate consumers of
charas are irritable and noisy.

44.   (i) Bhang.— The immediate effect is refresh-
ing; a sort of mild intoxication with increase of
appetite; it does not allay hunger; the effect lasts
about three hours; there are practically no after-
effects in the habitual consumer, but in the case of
those who take it occasionally, there is slight
headache and constipation. There is stated to be
no uneasiness if subsequent gratification is inter-
fered with.

(ii) Charas.—The immediate effect is intoxi-
cation; it is refreshing to some extent; it creates
appetite ; it does not allay hunger. The effect
lasts about three hours. After-effects are languor
and weakness; the want of subsequent gratification
produces uneasiness and disinclination to exertion
of any sort.

45.  The habitual moderate use of bhang does not
appear to produce any noxious effects, but no cases
have come under my observation. The fact that

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