137

Jats—about 10 per cent in the hot weather
drinkbhaug.

Dogras—About 10 per cent. in the hot wea-
ther drink bhang.

Muhammadans—Nil.

25. The use of ganja and charas does not exist
in the regiment. The proportion of men who use
bhang in the hot weather does not seem either
to be on the increase or decrease, neither does the
quantity taken appear to be more or less than
formerly.

28. The average allowance of bhang is about
one masha (or 1/12 of a tola) a day.

The cost of bhang is infinitesimal,—about half
an anna a month.

32. There are no social customs known to the
native officers of the regiment regarding the con-
sumption of any of these drugs.

No religious customs are known with regard
to ganja or charas. With regard to bhang,
there is a religious custom of pounding its leaves
and using it with water in the worship of Shiva.

33. The consumption of ganja and charas is
considered highly injurious. They are said to
have a bad effect on the brain. The consumption
of bhang is supposed to be very beneficial as an
appetizer in the hot weather. It is also supposed to
remove the bad effects of unwholesome water, but
must only be taken in very small quantities. Ganja
and charas are in disrepute for the reasons given
above. There is no custom of worshipping the
hemp plant known

39. Ganja and charas are never eaten or drunk,
and are only used in smoking. Bhang is never
used in smoking.

41. See answer 33.

42. The consumption of ganja and charas is
injurious even if only taken in small quantities
(see answer 33). The moderate use of bhang is
beneficial.

43.  The moderate consumers of ganja and
charas are offensive to their neighbours. The moder-
ate consumers of bhang are not offensive to their
neighbours.

44.  The immediate effect of smoking ganja
and charas is that they cause coughing, and make
the person often quarrelsome. They are not re-

freshing. They do produce intoxication. They
only allay hunger in making the person stupid.
They do not create appetite. The immediate effects
last one or two hours. The after-effect is similar
to that of alcohol. The want of subsequent grati-
fication does produce a longing for it and uneasiness.
These effects do not result from the use of bhang.

45.   Invariably both physical, mental and moral.
Yes. All functions are grdually impaired.

Yes, digestion is so much injured that pain al-
ways occurs after taking food. Appetite much
impaired.

Dysentery slightly, bronchitis and asthma
very frequently.

Yes, hemp-consumers lose their moral sense,
become lazy, immoral and debauched. This applies
especially to ganja and charas, less so to bhang.

It is generally credited with deadening the intel-
lect and eventually producing insanity of an idiotic
type. This result occurs sooner from ganja and
charas than from bhang.

I have had no experience of insanity attributable
to consumption of these drugs.

No such cases known to me.

46.  All these results occur much quicker from the
habitual excessive than from the habitual moderate
use of the drugs. Otherwise answer 45 is applic-
able to this question.

49. Bhang is stimulating as an aphrodisiac, but
not ganja or charas.

51. All bad characters such as gamblers,
thieves, and prostitutes take ganja and charas.
The consumption of these is considered to be, to a
great extent, the cause of crime, particularly of
theft and violence.

53.  None of these drugs appear to incite to un-
premeditated crime.

A Ressaldar-Major states that he knew a man
who turned ghazi under the influence of charas at
Kandahar, but does not know whether he had
first determined on his act before he had taken
charas.

54.  Yes, decidedly.

55.  Yes. This is frequently done with ganja
and charas.

Complete stupefaction can be produced by either
ganja, charas or bhang.

              Answer No. 203.

20. (a) Combatants				838
(b) Non-combatants				13
(c) Authorised camp followers				58

(b) Non-combatants—3 smoke ganja.

24. Nil.

25. It is said not to be.

Bhang is chiefly consumed during the hot wea-
ther in India. One of my native officers states that
the habitual use of bhang in a cool climate gives
pains in the joints.

28. The ganja plant grows in the Shan States like
a weed, and there is considerable cultivation of it
among the Karens. I am told that the cost to a
habitual moderate consumer up here does not exceed
8 annas per mensem.

32. I know of none.

33. I hear from my Sikh officers that large con-
sumers are not thought much of, and immoderate
users are supposed to become stupid.

By Am Hindus have a custom of making offer-
ings of the drug to the image of Mahadeo, who
they say ordered them to use it.

39. I have no personal experience, but I am told
that charas is the most intoxicating, ganja not,
and that bhang (which is drunk, not smoked) has
the least stupefying effect.

41.  I believe it to be so, and that by their use
men are enabled to withstand fatigue, hunger and
exposure better than others not so fortified.

42.  I have seen a great many habitual moderate
consumers, they appeared well, and the Medical
Officer reports that within his experience they nearly
always had sound constitutions.

43.  Yes.

44.  It is said to be refreshing and invigorating;
it allays hunger, causes a pleasant warmth to
permeate the body and enables the consumer to
withstand prolonged exertion. The effects last
for about two hours, after which there is a reaction

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