Imperial gazeteer of Scotland, or, Dictionary of Scottish topography > Volume 1

CULLISAID.
331
CULLODEN.
tlio western district of tlie parish of Kesolis, or
united parish of Kirkniiehacl and Cullicudilen, in
Cromartyshire and Ross-shire. It was a rectory,
belonging to the chapter of Ross, and continued to
be a separate parish till after the establishment of
Presbyterianism in 16SS. A fragment of its church
is still standing; and a small creek a little to the
west of this was formerly famous, though not now,
for great abundance of the small delicate fish called
the cuddy. Hence the name Cullicudden, which is
of Gaelic origin, and signifies the Creek of Cuddies,
or Cuddy-Creek. See Kiukmiciiael.
CULLIN HILLS. See Cociiullin Hills.
CULLISAID (Loch), a lake, at the east side of
Ben Laoghal, in the parish of Tongue, Sutherland-
shire
CULLIVOE, a bay and a post-office station, in
North Yell, Shetland. The bay forms a pretty safe
open roadstead.
CULLOCHBURN. See CoLi.ocnBuntj.
CULLODEN, an estate on the north-east verge
of Inverness-shire. It has a station on the High-
land railway, 3J miles east of Inverness. Culloden
moor here, where the army of Prince Charles Ed-
ward was totally defeated, on the 16th of April, 1746,
by the royal troops under the Duke of Cumberland,
lies near the Moray frith, from 3 to 6 miles east of In-
verness. It comprises an exposed tabular ridge, in
the midst of an extensive, chilling, dismal landscape.
A considerable part of it has recently been brought
under cultivation ; but all of it previously was a
wild waste, a heathy moor, utterly bleak and
dreary. Its general surface was far too smooth and
open to be suitable for the tactics of Highland com-
batants, but served proportionably well for the
movements of the royal artillery and cavalry. The
part on which Charles Edward drew up bis army
was about 1 J mile south of Culloden House, near the
commencement of the ridge's southerly declination ;
his right flank was covered by one of the walls of
a square stone enclosure, which extended from his
position downward to the river Nairn; his left flank
was overlooked, rather than covered, at a consider-
able distance, by the woods of Culloden House; and
the part of the moor immediately in his front was
somewhat marshy and hollow. A vast assemblage
of the graves of the slain is still indicated by two or
three grassy mounds, which rise slightly above the
circumjacent heath, at the distance of about 200 or
300 yards from some corn land and a cluster of cot-
tages; a carriage road from Inverness to Nairn,
made not many years ago, passes through the moor,
and touches the principal line of graves at their
northern extremity ; and a monumental tumulus or
obelisk, founded hi 1850, marks the spot where the
contest was fiercest.
The Highland army was drawn up in three lines.
The first, or front line, consisted of the Athole bri-
gade, which had the right, the Camerons, Stewarts
of Appin, John Roy Stewart's regiment, Frasers,
Mackintoshes, Farquharsons, Maclachlans, and
Macleans, united into one regiment; the Macleods,
Chisholms, Macdonalds of Clanranald, Keppoch, and
Glengarry. The three Macdonald regiments formed
the left. Lord George Murray commanded on the
right, Lord John Drammond in the centre, and the
Duke of Perth on the left of the first line. There
had been, a day or two before, a violent contention
among the chiefs about precedency of rank. The
Macdonalds claimed the right as their due, in sup-
port of wliich claim they stated, that, as a reward
for the fidelity of Angus Macdonald, Lord of the
Isles, in protecting Robert the Bruce for upwards of
nine months in his dominions, that prince, at the
battle of Bannoekbum, conferred the post of honour',
the right, upon the Macdonalds, — that this post had
ever since been enjoyed by them, unless when
yielded from courtesy upon particular occasions, as
was done to the chief of the Macleans at the battle
of Harlaw. Lord George Murray, however, main-
tained that, under the Marquis of Montrose, the
right had been assigned to the Athole men, and ho
insisted that that post should be now conferred upon
them, in the contest with the Duke of Cumberland's
army. In this unseasonable demand, Lord George
is said to have been supported by Lochiel and his
friends. Charles refused to decide a question with
the merits of which he was imperfectly acquainted;
but, as it was necessary to adjust the difference im-
mediately, he prevailed' upon the commanders! of the
Macdonald regiments to waive their pretensions in
the present instance. The Macdonalds in general
were far from being satisfied with the complaisance
of their commanders, and, as they had occupied the
post of honour at Gladsmuir and Falkirk, they con-
sidered their deprivation of it, on the present occa-
sion, as ominous. The Duke of Perth, while he
stood at the head of the Glengarry regiment, hear-
ing the murmurs of the Macdonalds, said, that ii
they behaved with their usual valour, they would
make a right of the left, and that he would change
his name to Macdonald; but these proud clansmen
lent a deaf ear to him. — The second line of tha
Highland army consisted of the Gordons under Lord
Lewis. Gordon, formed in column on the right, the
French Royal Scots, the Irish picquets or brigade,
Lord Kilmarnock's foot guards, Lord John Drum-
mond's regiment, and Glenbucket's regiment in
column on the left, flanked on the right by Fitz-
James's dragoons, and Lord Elcho's horse-guards,
and on the left by the Perth squadron, under Lords
Strathallan and Pitsligo, and the Prince's body
guards under Lord Balmerino. General Stapleton
had the command of this line. — The third line, or
reserve, consisted of the Duke of Perth's and Lord
Ogilvy's regiments under the last-mentioned noble-
man. The prince himself, surrounded by a troop
of Fitz-James's horse, took his station on a very
small eminence behind the centre of the first line,
from which he had a complete view of the whole
field of battle. The extremities of the front line
and the centre were each protected by four pieces
of cannon.
The English army continued steadily to advance
till within a mile of the position occupied by the
Highland army, when the Duke of Cumberland
ordered a halt, and, after reconnoitering the position
of the Highlanders, again formed Ms army for bat-
tle in three lines, and in the following order: — The
first line consisted of six regiments, viz., the Royals,
(the 1st,) Cholmondley's, (the 34th,) Price's, (the
14th,) the Scots Fusileers, (the 21st,) Monro's, (the
37th,) and Barrel's (the 4th). The Earl of Albemarle
had the command of this ling. In the intermediate
spaces between each of these regiments were placed
two pieces of cannon, making ten in whole. The
second line, which consisted of five regiments, com-
prised those of Pulteney, (the 13th,) Bligh, (the
20th,) Sempil, (the 25th,) Ligonier, (the 48th,) and
Wolfe's, (the 8th,) and was under the command of
General fluske. Three pieces of cannon were placed
between the exterior regiments of this line and those
next them. The third line, or corps de reserve,
under Brigadier Mordaunt, consisted of four regi-
ments, viz. Battereau's, (the 62d,) Howard's, (the
3d), Fleming's, (the 36th,) and Blakeney's, (the
27th,) flanked by Kingston's dragoons (the 3d).
The order in which the regiments of the different
lines are enumerated, is that in which they stood
from right to left. The flanks of the front line were