Topographical, statistical, and historical gazetteer of Scotland > Volume 1

INTRODUCTION. XXXV
The constituency of each county and burgh is stated in the article upon it in the alpha-
betical arrangement. Of the burghs, Edinburgh and Glasgow each return two mem-
bers ; and Aberdeen, Dundee, Paisley, Greenock, and Perth, each return one ; while
the remainder are distributed, in the following order, into 14 districts, each of which
returns one, — Ayr, Campbeltown, Inverary, Irvine, and Oban, — Dumfries, Annan,
Kirkcudbright, Lochmaben, and Sanquhar, — Elgin, Banff, Cullen, Inverury, Kintore,
and Peterhead, — Falkirk, Hamilton, Airdrie, Lanark, and Linlithgow, — Haddington,
North Berwick, Dunbar, Jedburgh, and Lauder, — Inverness, Forres, Fortrose, and
Nairn, — Kilmarnock, Port-Glasgow, Dumbarton, Kenfrew, and Rutherglen, — Kirk-
caldv, Burntisland, Dysart, and Kinghorn, — Leith, Musselburgh, and Portobello, — St.
Andrews, East-Anstruther, West-Anstrutker, Crail, Cupar. Kilrenny, and Pittenweem,
— Montrose, Arbroath, Brechin, Forfar, and Bervie, — Stirling, Culross, Dunfermline,
Inverkeithing, and Queensferry, — Wick, Cromarty, Dingwall, Dornoch, Tain, and
Kirkwall, — and "Wigton, Xew Galloway, Stranraer, and Whithorn. Some of the prin-
cipal towns, or towns more populous than many which rank as burghs, share in the fran-
chise only in common with the landward districts, and the villages of the counties in
which they lie. The chief are Dalkeith, Maybole, Hawick, Girvan, Alloa, Kelso, Crieff,
Dunse, Selkirk, Peebles, Bathgate, Tranent, Dunblane, Bothsay, Cupar- Angus, Salt-
coats, Dairy, and Comrie.
CRIME.
The number of public offences in Scotland was. in the vear 1834, 2,711 ; in 1836,
2,922 ; in 1837, 3,126 ; in 1838, 3,418; in 1839, 3,409; and in 1840, 3,872. Of those
in the year 1838, 787 were offences against the person, 724 by males, and 63 by females ;
577 were violent offences against property, 432 by males, and 145 by females ; 1,588 were
against property, but without violence, 1,078 by males, and 510 by females ; 57 were ma-
licious offences against property, 51 by males, and 6 by females ; 112 were forgeries and
offences against currency, 81 by males, and 31 by females ; and 297 were miscellaneous
offences, 243 by males, and 54 by females, — aggregately, 2,609 by males, and 809 by
females. Fifty-eight of the male offenders were aged 12 years, and under ; 36S aged
16 or above 12 ; 700 aged 21 or above 16 ; 73S aged 30 or above 21 ; 407 aged 40 or
above 30 ; 144 aged 50 or above 40 ; 59 aged 60 or above 50 ; 8 aged above 60 ; and
117 whose ages could not be ascertained. Of the 809 female offenders, there were 16
aged 12 years and under ; 66 aged 16 and above 12 ; 199 aged 21 and above 16 ; 268
aged 30 and above 21 ; 140 aged 40 and above 30 ; 67 aged 50 and above 40; 29
aged 60 and above 50 ; 8 aged above 60 ; and 16 whose ages could not be ascertained.
Of the 2,609 male offenders, 353 could neither read nor write ; 1,529 could read, or
read and write imperfectly ; 569 could read and write well ; 91 had received a superior
education ; and there were 67 whose education could not be ascertained. Of the 809
female offenders, 198 could neither read nor write ; 541 could read, or read and write
imperfectly : 61 could read and write well ; 2 had received a superior education ; and
there were 7 whose education could not be ascertained. Of the 3,418 offenders, 356
were discharged by the Lord-advocate and his deputies, 177 were discharged from other
causes, and there were tried 2,885, namely, by the High-court of Justiciary 309 ; by the
Circuit-court of Justiciary 560 ; by Sheriffs with a jury 733 ; by Sheriffs without a jury
646 ; by burgh-magistrates 558 ; by justices or other court 79. Of the 2,885 persons
tried, 56 were outlawed, 6 were found insane, 38 were found not guilty, 162 not proven,
and there were convicted 2,623, including 578 who were convicted under the aggrava-
tion of previous convictions, and 54 who were convicted of other offences at the same
trial. Of the 2,623 persons convicted, 3 received sentence of death, of whom 1 was
executed, and the punishment of 2 was commuted into transportation for life ; 6 were
sentenced to transportation for life, S3 for 14 years, 379 for 7 years, and 15 for other
periods ; 75 were sentenced to imprisonment (with, in some cases, whipping, fine, &c.,)
for 2 years or above 1 year, 245 for 1 year or above 6 months, 1,607 for 6 months or
under ; 195 were punished by fine ; 3 were discharged on sureties ; 12 received no
sentence. — Of the 3,872 persons committed for trial in 1840, 2,945 were convicted or
outlawed, and of these 4 received sentence of death for murder ; 520 were convicted
of assaults ; 296 of theft by housebreaking ; and 1,392 of acts of simple theft. The