Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland
(239) Page 231 - CAM
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CAMPSIE FELLS
The rocks are chiefly trap and carboniferous ; and they
have junctions, superpositions, and contents highly in-
teresting to geologists. The trap rocks, in some parts,
are quasi-columnar ; in others, include a profusion of
hornblende and felspar crystals ; in others, are a soft
friable greenstone, of marly appearance, -with large quan-
tity of mealy zeolite and calc-spar ; in others, contain
foliated zeolite, prehnite, and compact gypsum ; in
others, overlie the carboniferous strata or form dykes
intersecting these strata, and frequently tilting them out
of their original position. The carboniferous rocks com-
prise sandstone, limestone, coal, argillaceous ironstone,
aluminous clay slate, and some other members. The
nature and collocation of the rocks, together with the
contour of their surface, the fall of streams, and the rela-
tive position of their territory, prepared the parish for
mining and manufacturing operations. Coal and a very
excellent limestone are extensively worked. Alum,
copperas, Prussian blue, prussiate of potash, and some
kindred substances are manufactured in large chemical
works in the southern vicinity of Lennoxtown. Bleach-
fields are at Haugh-Head and Glenmill ; a bleachfield
and calico-printing works are at Kincaid ; a printfield,
for linen and calico-printing, is at Lillyburn ; an exten-
sive printfield, for almost every description of cloth and
calico-printing, is at Lennoxtown ; and a distillery was
formerly at Milton. Soils are remarkably various in
constitution and quality. A deep but arable moss forms
small patches near the Kelvin, and a rich alluvium most
of the low flat ground along its course ; beds of gravel
and sand, sometimes of great thickness, lie on the un-
dulations and hillocks of the strath ; a light gravelly
loam occupies small tracts in the middle of the strath,
and a larger tract in the SE ; whilst the Fells are skirted
by a light clay on a tilly subsoil, with many boulders in
both itself and the subsoil. Nearly all the strath and
most of the South Brae are under the plough ; and most
of the Fells are finely pastoral.
Norman Macleod was sent for a twelvemonth to the
parish school, his father being minister from 1825 to
1835, and in Ms Memoir (1876) is a striking description
of this ' half-agricultural, half-manufacturing Lowland
district, in which the extremes of political feeling be-
tween stiffest Toryism and hottest Radicalism were run-
ning high. The parish was large and thickly peopled,
and its natural features were in a manner symbolical of
its social characteristics. The long line of the Fell, its
green sides dotted with old thorns, rises into mountain
solitude, from a valley whose wooded haughs are blurred
with the smoke of manufacturing villages. The con-
trast is sharply presented. Sheep-walks, lonely as the
Cheviots, look down on unsightly mounds of chemical
refuse, and on clusters of smoking chimneys ; and streams,
which a mile away are clear as morning, are dyed black
as ink before they have escaped from print-work and
bleaching-green. The Manse was on the borderland of
mountain and plain, for it was placed at the opening of
Campsie Glen, famous for its picturesque series of thun-
dering waterfalls and rocky pools. Behind the Manse
lay the claeltan and the old parish church, now in ruins. '
Lennox Castle is the principal mansion, others being
Antermony, Auchinreoch, Balquharrage, Carlston, Craig-
barnet, Glorat, Hayston, and Kincaid; and 7 proprietors
hold each an annual value of £500 and upwards, 18 of
between £100 and £500, 24 of from £50 to £100, and
61 of from £20 to £50. Campsie is in the presbytery of
Glasgow and synod of Glasgow and Ayr ; the living is
worth£378. Itsparish, Free, U.P., and Roman Catholic
churches, are noticed under Lennoxtown, as likewise
is one of its schools, besides which Craighead and Tor-
rance public schools, with respective accommodation for
197 and 160 children, had (1891) an average attendance
of 122 day and 28 evening scholars and 105, and grants
of £121, 9s. and £11, 16s. and £107, 19s. Valuation,
£30,820, of which £2986 was for railways. Pop. (1831)
5109, (1851) 6918, (1861) 6483, (1871) 6739, (1881) 5873,
(1891) 5338.— Ord. Sur., shs. 30, 31, 1866-67.
Campsie Fells, a portion of the Lennox Hills, or a
range of heights, which, extending east-north-eastward
CANDICK
from Dumbarton to Stirling, measure about 25 miles
in extreme length, and 8 in mean breadth. They are
interrupted, for a mile or more, by the valley of the
Blane, whence to Dumbarton they bear the name of
Kilpatrick Hills ; and they are called, in their various
portions east-north-eastward, the Killearn, the Campsie,
the Kilsyth, the Fintry, the Dundaff, and the Gargun-
nock Hills. The Campsie Fells are the most prominent
portion of the entire range. Beginning at the upper val-
ley of the Blane, they extend about 8 miles eastward to
Bin Burn, on the boundary between Campsie and Fintry
parishes, and to the eastern skirt of Brown Hill at the
boundary between Campsie and Kilsyth parishes ; they
include a section of Strathblane parish, sometimes called
the Strathblane Hills ; and sometimes they are like-
wise regarded as including the Killearn and the Fintry
portions of the Lennox Hills. Their highest summit
is Earls Seat (1894 feet) ; they offer great attractions to
at once the lovers of romantic scenery, geologists, and
botanists ; and they overlook most of the great strath
of the Forth and Clyde Canal, and command beyond
extensive and magnificent views of the Lowlands. See
Campsie.
Camptown, a hamlet in Jedburgh parish, Roxburgh-
shire, 6 miles SSE of Jedburgh town. It takes its name
from an ancient camp, now nearly effaced ; and it has a
post office under Jedburgh.
Camserney, a burn in Dull parish, Perthshire, run-
ning about 4 miles southward to the Tay, at a point 2J
miles W by S of Aberfeldy. A picturesque fall is on it,
about midway between Coshieville and Weem ; makes a
broken and tortuous descent ; and struggles and dashes,
in milky foam, over a precipitous and rugged channel.
Camster, a mansion in Latheron parish, SE Caithness,
4 miles N of Lybster. The late owner, Leonard Strong,
Esq., held 4337 acres in the shire, valued at £300 per
annum. Camster fairs are held on the last Tuesday of
March.
Camstradden, a bay in Luss parish. Dumbartonshire,
on the W side of Loch Lomond, opposite the N end of
Inchtaavanich, f mile S of Luss village. An island was
formerly in it, containing the ancient residence of a
branch of the Colquhoun family; but is now represented
by only a heap of stones, visible only when the water of
the lake is low. Camstradden House, adjacent to the
bay, is the residence of Sir James Colquhoun's factor.
Excellent roofing slates are quarried in the western
vicinity, and are exported from a wharf on the bay.
Camusdinavaig. See Camistinavaig.
Camus Eskan, an estate, with a mansion, in Cardross
parish, Dumbartonshire. The mansion stands near the
Firth of Clyde, 1J mile ESE of Helensburgh; is an old
edifice, frequently enlarged, and has finely wooded
grounds; its owner is W. Middleton Campbell, Esq., of
Colgrain.
Camusnagaul, a bay in Kilmallie parish, Inverness-
shire, on Loch Eil, near the S entrance of the Caledonian
Canal, opposite Fort William, under which there is a
post office.
Canwstane. See Cambttstane.
Canaan. See Beuntsfield.
Candacraig, an estate, withamansion,inStrathdonpar-
ish, W Aberdeenshire, about 19 miles SW of Rhynie. The
mansion, on the Don's right bank, was built in 1835 of
granite quarried on the estate, and is in a mixed style
of Tudor and Scottish Baronial.
Cander, a rivulet of Lanarkshire. It rises in Lesma-
hagow parish ; runs about 3 miles northward to the meet-
ing-point with Stonehouse and Dalserf parishes ; and
goes 2i miles further NN"W, along the boundary between
these parishes, to the river Avon, at a point 9 furlongs
NNE of Stonehouse village. The section of Dalserf par-
ish adjacent to it is called Cander district ; and a portion
of that district, containing workable coal, bears the name
of Canderside.— Ord. Sur., sh. 23, 1865.
Candick, a headland in Walls parish, Orkney, at the
SE of South Walls island. It projects eastward from
the south-eastern part of the peninsula of Hoy ; flanks
the N side of the middle part of the Pentland Firth ;
231
The rocks are chiefly trap and carboniferous ; and they
have junctions, superpositions, and contents highly in-
teresting to geologists. The trap rocks, in some parts,
are quasi-columnar ; in others, include a profusion of
hornblende and felspar crystals ; in others, are a soft
friable greenstone, of marly appearance, -with large quan-
tity of mealy zeolite and calc-spar ; in others, contain
foliated zeolite, prehnite, and compact gypsum ; in
others, overlie the carboniferous strata or form dykes
intersecting these strata, and frequently tilting them out
of their original position. The carboniferous rocks com-
prise sandstone, limestone, coal, argillaceous ironstone,
aluminous clay slate, and some other members. The
nature and collocation of the rocks, together with the
contour of their surface, the fall of streams, and the rela-
tive position of their territory, prepared the parish for
mining and manufacturing operations. Coal and a very
excellent limestone are extensively worked. Alum,
copperas, Prussian blue, prussiate of potash, and some
kindred substances are manufactured in large chemical
works in the southern vicinity of Lennoxtown. Bleach-
fields are at Haugh-Head and Glenmill ; a bleachfield
and calico-printing works are at Kincaid ; a printfield,
for linen and calico-printing, is at Lillyburn ; an exten-
sive printfield, for almost every description of cloth and
calico-printing, is at Lennoxtown ; and a distillery was
formerly at Milton. Soils are remarkably various in
constitution and quality. A deep but arable moss forms
small patches near the Kelvin, and a rich alluvium most
of the low flat ground along its course ; beds of gravel
and sand, sometimes of great thickness, lie on the un-
dulations and hillocks of the strath ; a light gravelly
loam occupies small tracts in the middle of the strath,
and a larger tract in the SE ; whilst the Fells are skirted
by a light clay on a tilly subsoil, with many boulders in
both itself and the subsoil. Nearly all the strath and
most of the South Brae are under the plough ; and most
of the Fells are finely pastoral.
Norman Macleod was sent for a twelvemonth to the
parish school, his father being minister from 1825 to
1835, and in Ms Memoir (1876) is a striking description
of this ' half-agricultural, half-manufacturing Lowland
district, in which the extremes of political feeling be-
tween stiffest Toryism and hottest Radicalism were run-
ning high. The parish was large and thickly peopled,
and its natural features were in a manner symbolical of
its social characteristics. The long line of the Fell, its
green sides dotted with old thorns, rises into mountain
solitude, from a valley whose wooded haughs are blurred
with the smoke of manufacturing villages. The con-
trast is sharply presented. Sheep-walks, lonely as the
Cheviots, look down on unsightly mounds of chemical
refuse, and on clusters of smoking chimneys ; and streams,
which a mile away are clear as morning, are dyed black
as ink before they have escaped from print-work and
bleaching-green. The Manse was on the borderland of
mountain and plain, for it was placed at the opening of
Campsie Glen, famous for its picturesque series of thun-
dering waterfalls and rocky pools. Behind the Manse
lay the claeltan and the old parish church, now in ruins. '
Lennox Castle is the principal mansion, others being
Antermony, Auchinreoch, Balquharrage, Carlston, Craig-
barnet, Glorat, Hayston, and Kincaid; and 7 proprietors
hold each an annual value of £500 and upwards, 18 of
between £100 and £500, 24 of from £50 to £100, and
61 of from £20 to £50. Campsie is in the presbytery of
Glasgow and synod of Glasgow and Ayr ; the living is
worth£378. Itsparish, Free, U.P., and Roman Catholic
churches, are noticed under Lennoxtown, as likewise
is one of its schools, besides which Craighead and Tor-
rance public schools, with respective accommodation for
197 and 160 children, had (1891) an average attendance
of 122 day and 28 evening scholars and 105, and grants
of £121, 9s. and £11, 16s. and £107, 19s. Valuation,
£30,820, of which £2986 was for railways. Pop. (1831)
5109, (1851) 6918, (1861) 6483, (1871) 6739, (1881) 5873,
(1891) 5338.— Ord. Sur., shs. 30, 31, 1866-67.
Campsie Fells, a portion of the Lennox Hills, or a
range of heights, which, extending east-north-eastward
CANDICK
from Dumbarton to Stirling, measure about 25 miles
in extreme length, and 8 in mean breadth. They are
interrupted, for a mile or more, by the valley of the
Blane, whence to Dumbarton they bear the name of
Kilpatrick Hills ; and they are called, in their various
portions east-north-eastward, the Killearn, the Campsie,
the Kilsyth, the Fintry, the Dundaff, and the Gargun-
nock Hills. The Campsie Fells are the most prominent
portion of the entire range. Beginning at the upper val-
ley of the Blane, they extend about 8 miles eastward to
Bin Burn, on the boundary between Campsie and Fintry
parishes, and to the eastern skirt of Brown Hill at the
boundary between Campsie and Kilsyth parishes ; they
include a section of Strathblane parish, sometimes called
the Strathblane Hills ; and sometimes they are like-
wise regarded as including the Killearn and the Fintry
portions of the Lennox Hills. Their highest summit
is Earls Seat (1894 feet) ; they offer great attractions to
at once the lovers of romantic scenery, geologists, and
botanists ; and they overlook most of the great strath
of the Forth and Clyde Canal, and command beyond
extensive and magnificent views of the Lowlands. See
Campsie.
Camptown, a hamlet in Jedburgh parish, Roxburgh-
shire, 6 miles SSE of Jedburgh town. It takes its name
from an ancient camp, now nearly effaced ; and it has a
post office under Jedburgh.
Camserney, a burn in Dull parish, Perthshire, run-
ning about 4 miles southward to the Tay, at a point 2J
miles W by S of Aberfeldy. A picturesque fall is on it,
about midway between Coshieville and Weem ; makes a
broken and tortuous descent ; and struggles and dashes,
in milky foam, over a precipitous and rugged channel.
Camster, a mansion in Latheron parish, SE Caithness,
4 miles N of Lybster. The late owner, Leonard Strong,
Esq., held 4337 acres in the shire, valued at £300 per
annum. Camster fairs are held on the last Tuesday of
March.
Camstradden, a bay in Luss parish. Dumbartonshire,
on the W side of Loch Lomond, opposite the N end of
Inchtaavanich, f mile S of Luss village. An island was
formerly in it, containing the ancient residence of a
branch of the Colquhoun family; but is now represented
by only a heap of stones, visible only when the water of
the lake is low. Camstradden House, adjacent to the
bay, is the residence of Sir James Colquhoun's factor.
Excellent roofing slates are quarried in the western
vicinity, and are exported from a wharf on the bay.
Camusdinavaig. See Camistinavaig.
Camus Eskan, an estate, with a mansion, in Cardross
parish, Dumbartonshire. The mansion stands near the
Firth of Clyde, 1J mile ESE of Helensburgh; is an old
edifice, frequently enlarged, and has finely wooded
grounds; its owner is W. Middleton Campbell, Esq., of
Colgrain.
Camusnagaul, a bay in Kilmallie parish, Inverness-
shire, on Loch Eil, near the S entrance of the Caledonian
Canal, opposite Fort William, under which there is a
post office.
Canwstane. See Cambttstane.
Canaan. See Beuntsfield.
Candacraig, an estate, withamansion,inStrathdonpar-
ish, W Aberdeenshire, about 19 miles SW of Rhynie. The
mansion, on the Don's right bank, was built in 1835 of
granite quarried on the estate, and is in a mixed style
of Tudor and Scottish Baronial.
Cander, a rivulet of Lanarkshire. It rises in Lesma-
hagow parish ; runs about 3 miles northward to the meet-
ing-point with Stonehouse and Dalserf parishes ; and
goes 2i miles further NN"W, along the boundary between
these parishes, to the river Avon, at a point 9 furlongs
NNE of Stonehouse village. The section of Dalserf par-
ish adjacent to it is called Cander district ; and a portion
of that district, containing workable coal, bears the name
of Canderside.— Ord. Sur., sh. 23, 1865.
Candick, a headland in Walls parish, Orkney, at the
SE of South Walls island. It projects eastward from
the south-eastern part of the peninsula of Hoy ; flanks
the N side of the middle part of the Pentland Firth ;
231
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Gazetteers of Scotland, 1803-1901 > Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland > (239) Page 231 - CAM |
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