Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland > Volume 5

PETTINAIN
both of them with libraries ; a merchants' society (1712),
a trades' society (1728), a weavers' society (1778), a
mutual improvement association, a golf club, an Eastern
Club, and the usual religious and philanthropic associa-
tions. A weekly market is held on Friday, and there
are fairs on the Fridays before 26 May and before
22 Nov. A sheriff court is held every Friday for the
parishes of Peterhead, Cruden, Slains, Old Deer, New
Deer, Kathen, Longside, Crimond, Strichen, Fraser-
burgh, Lonmay, Tyrie, Aberdour, Pitsligo, St Fergus,
and Logie-Buchan. Justice of peace courts are held as
required.
Peterhead unites with Elgin, Banff, Cullen, Inver-
urie, and Kintc 3 in returning a member to, serve in
parliament, and it is also the returning burgh for East
Aberdeenshire. Parliamentary constituency (188i) 1028,
municipal constituency 1477, including 154 females.
Valuation (1874) £25,138, (1884) £38,264, of which
£585 was for the railway. Pop. (1801) 3264, (1831)
5112, (1841) 5158, (1851) 7298, (1861) 7541, (1871)
8621, (1881) 10,922, of whom 5131 were males and 5791
females. Houses, inhabited 1418, uninhabited 59, build-
ing 29. Of the total population 133 men and 107 women
were connected with the civil and military services or
with professions, 35 men and 569 women were employed
as domestic servants, 545 men and 14 women were
engaged in commerce, 336 men and 77 women were con-
nected with agriculture and fishing, 1898 men and 403
women were connected with industrial handicrafts or
were dealers in manufactured substances, and there
were 2125 boys and 2142 girls at or under school age.
See Peter Buchan's Animls of Peterhead from its Foimda-
lion to the Present Time (Peterhead, 1819).
Pettinain, a village and a parish in the Upper Ward of
Lanarkshire. The village is 3 miles S by E of Carstairs
Junction (only 1| mile in a straight line), and 3J miles
NNW of Thankerton, under which it has a post office.
The parish is bounded N by Carstairs and Carnwath,
E by Libberton, SE by Covington, SW by Carmichael,
and W by Lanark. Its utmost length, from E to W,
is 3J miles ; its utmost breadth, from N to S, is 2J
miles ; and its area is 3997§ acres, of which 98 are
water. The Clyde winds 2J miles north-north-west-
ward along all the eastern, 4J miles west-south-westward
along all the northern, and IJ mile southward along all
thS western, boundary. It thus has a total course here
of 8| miles, though the point where it first touches and
that where it quits the parish are only 3-J miles distant
as the crow flies. A result of various clianges of its
channel is that five little pendicles of Pettinain parish
are now situated on its right bank. A considerable
tract of haugh land, about 615 feet above the sea,
adjoins the river, so low and level as to be covered with
water at the time of freshets, and then having the
appearance of a lake. The ground rises by a gentle
acclivity, and with unequal surface from the haugh ;
and a ridge of hills extends across the SW district, from
the vicinity of the river into Covington, rising to an
extreme altitude of 1131 feet, and having three summits
called Cairn Grife, Westraw Hill, and Swaites Hill.
The rocks of this hill-ridge are porphyry and sandstone,
the former an excellent road-metal, but the latter ill-
suited to building purposes. The soil of the low
grounds is variously recent alluvium, rich loam, sharp
gravel, and poor sand. That of the higher grounds is
generally of a moorish character, incumbent on tUl.
About 2435 acres are in tillage ; 1107 are pastoral ; and
366^ are under wood. Thirteen-fourteenths of the
entire rental belong to Sir Windham Carmicliael
Anstruther, Bart, of Carmichael, whose uncle in 1817
inherited the estate from the last Earl of Hyndford. Its
mansion, Westraw House, now a farmhouse, 5 furlongs
W of the village, was that Earl's favourite residence,
and was probably built by his ancestor, the first Lord
Carmichael, towards the middle of the 17th century. A
hundred years ago the ruins of a house were pointed out
at Clowbum, in which tea is said to have first been
introduced to Scotland. It was brought from Holland,
according to tradition, by Sir Andrew Kennedy, whose
204
PETT7
wife succeeded to the lands of Clowbum in 1677, and
who, being ' Conservator of the Scotch Nation ' at
Campvere, had received it as a present from the Dutch
East India Company. On the highest ground in the
S of the parish are vestiges of an ancient British fort.
Cairn Grife, whose two concentric ramparts, 5 to 7 yards
apart, enclose an area of 100 square feet. Pettinain is
in the presbytery of Lanark and the synod of Glasgow
and Ayr ; the living is worth £203. The chapel of
' Pedynane,' originally dependent on Lanark, was
granted to Dryburgh Abbey by David I. about the
year 1150. The parish church, on the site of the
ancient chapel, has a belfry bearing date 1696, with the
inscription, ' Holiness becomes God's House. ' As re-
paired in 1820, it contains 234 sittings. The public
school, with accommodation for 66 children, had (1883)
an average attendance of 52, and a grant of £46, 7s.
Valuation (1859) £3216, 3s. 6d., (1884) £4800, 10s.
Pop. (1801) 430, (1821) 490, (1841) 416, (1861) 407,
(1871) 366, (1881) 360.— Orrf. Sur., sh. 23, 1865.
Petty, a parish on the S side of the Moray Firth, in
the extreme NE of the county of Inverness, and with a
small part crossing the boundary into Nairnshire. It
is bounded N by the parish of Ardersier, for J mile at
the NE corner by the parish of Nairn, E and SE by the
parish of Croy, SW by the parish of Inverness and Bona,
and NW by the Moray Firth. The boundary is artificial
except along the Firth, and on the N, where it follows
the course of a small stream. The greatest length, from
the point on the NE between LambhUl and Blackcastle
where the parish and county boundaries reach the coast
road from Inverness to Nairn, to the point on the SW
where the line crosses the same road near CuUoden
Brickworks, is 7J miles ; the average breadth is about 2
miles; and the area is 10,697 '313 acres, inclusive of
877-734 of foreshore and 33-052 of water ; of the total
area 321-254 acres, including 0-121 acre of water, are in
Nairnshire and the rest in Inverness-shire. A central
hollow, from 30 to 40 feet above sea-level, passes along
the whole parish from NE to SW, and from this the
surface slopes to the SE to a height varying from 150
feet at the N end to over 300 near the S end, along the
ridge above CuUoden Moor. Between the central hollow
and the sea in the N there is a strip of flat ground
sloping gradually to the shore ; in the centi-e and S the
ground slopes up to a height of over 100 feet, and then
down to a terrace along the 50-feet contour, from which
there is a rapid fall to the shore. The coast is low and
sandy and with a very gentle slope, so that a considerable
amount of foreshore is uncovered at low water. At the
W corner of the parish the triangular Alterlie Point
projects nearly J mile beyond the ordinary coast-
line, and N of it is a small bay, sometimes called Petty
Bay and sometimes Alterlie Bay. Almost the whole
surface is under cultivation or woodland, but there is
mossy and benty land extending probably to nearly 1000
acres. There are about 1800 acres under wood. The
soil toward the sea is light loam and clayey sand, but
along the hollow and on the south-eastern slope it is
much stronger and very fertile. The underlying rock
belongs to the upper Old Red Sandstone system. In
the SE about half of Loch Flemington (4 by IJ furl.)
lies within the parish, and 1-^ mile SW of it is the
small Lochan Dinty. The drainage is carried off by a
number of small streams, those in the S uniting and
flowing into the sea at Petty Bay, and those in the
centre and N uniting and flowing into the sea at the
extreme N corner of the parish. The mansions are
Castle Stuart (IJ mile WSW of Dalcross station),
Flemington (J mile NE of Fort George station), and
GoUanfield (7 furlongs ENE of Fort George station).
The first is a seat of the Earl of Moray, and is a fine
example of the castellated mansion of the early part of
the 17th century. Traditionally the date of its erection
is earlier, some making it a residence of James IV.,
others assigning it to the Regent Murray ; but the
building bears date 1625, and Sir Robert Gordon, in his
History of the Earldom of Sutherland, says that in 1624
the Clan Chattan went ' to ane hous which he [the Earl]
a '.','-*. »