Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland > Volume 1

CASTLETON OF BRAEMAR
and many another reiver's fortalice. And still we have
such Liddesdale ballads as Dick o' the Cow, Hobhie Nolle,
Jamie Tclfcr of the Fair Dodhead, or Jock o' the Side ;
such Liddesdale traditions as that of the Brownie of
Goranberry, of Shellycoat and the Eelpie, of the foul
murder of the ' Cout of Keeldar ' in the foaming linn,
or of the boiling of the warlock Sonlis on the Nine-stane
Rig ; such episodes of Liddesdale history as the starving
to death of Sir Alexander Ramsay (1342), as Queen
Mary's mad ride from Jedburgh to Hermitage Castle,
where Both well lay wounded by 'little Jock Elliot'
(1566), or as the Regent Morton's raid 'to make the
rush-bush keep the Border kye ' (1569). So that some-
thing remains of the past, for all the changes that have
swept over Liddesdale since Scott's first coming in 1792.
Then there were no roads, nor inns of any kind ; his was
the first wheeled vehicle seen here, on occasion of his
seventh and last visit, in 1798. Now the Border Coun-
ties railway (1862) cuts through part of the Catkail,
one of the few antiquities surviving. Others are camps,
both round and square, on the tops of the hills ;* circular
forts of the kind called Round-abouts or Picts' "Works ;
the ' Druidical circle ' of the Nine-stane Rig ; and Miln-
holm Cross, 8J feet high, which marks the burial-place
of an Armstrong murdered by Douglas, the ' Flower of
Chivalry. ' There were no fewer than five churches or
chapels in the parish — Hermitage, the Whele, Ettleton,
Dinlabyre, and Chapelknowe. Of these the Whele, sup-
posed to have been the chief, stood at Liddelhead, near
Dead Water and close to a Roman road, the W^iele Causey,
from which the church got its name ; here Edward I.
obtained a night's lodging when on a pilgrimage to St
Ninian's shrine in Galloway. In 1604, ' being destitute
of all instruction and bringing up in the fear of God,
the kirks of Castleton, Ettleton, and Quhelekirk and
Belkirk, were united and annexed in ane perpetual
rectory or parsonage or vicarage of Castleton.' Thus
much for the Castleton of bygone days. At present
there are 13 landed proprietors, 6 holding each an annual
value of £500 and upwards, 3 of between £100 and £500,
1 of from £50 to £100, and 3 of from £20 to £50. The
parish is in the presbytery of Langholm, and synod of
Dumfries, the living being worth £451. Its church, at
the confluence of Liddel and Hermitage Waters, was
built in 1808, and contains 820 sittings ; in the grave-
yard is buried John Armstrong, M.D. (1709-79), a native
of Castleton, and author of a didactic poem, The Art of
Preserving Health. Four public schools — Burnmonth,
Hermitage, Riccarton, and Saughtree — with respective
accommodation for 55, 75, 88, and 59 children, had
(1880) an average attendance of 42,*43, 50, and 27, and
grants of £51, 14s., £48, Ss. 6d., £59, 15s., and £29,
2s. 4d. Valuation (1880) £30,505, 19s. 7d., including
£9203 for railways. Pop. (1801) 1109, (1831) 2227, (1S61)
3688, many of them navvies, (1871) 2202, (1SS1)2256.—
Ord. Sur., shs. 11, 17, 1863-64. See Scott's Minstrelsy
of the Scottish Border (3 vols., 1802-3); Dr W 7 illiam
Chambers's ' Look into Liddesdale,' in Sketches Light and
Descriptive (1866) ; and the Countess of Minto's Border
Sketches (1870).
Castleton of Eraemar. See Castleton.
Castle-Toward, a fine Gothic mansion in the S of
Dunoon parish, Cowal, Argyllshire, at the eastern en-
trance of the Kyles of Bute, 1-J mile W by N of Toward
Point, and 2| miles NE of Rothesay. Backed by the
wooded slopes of Toward Hill (1131 feet), it was built in
1821, near the ruined castle of the Lamonts, Lords of
Cowal, at which Queen Mary once dined, and which
was burned in 1646, on occasion of the murder of the
Lamonts at Dunoon. Its owner, Alex. Struthers Fin-
lay, Esq. (b. 1806 ; sue. 1842), was M.P. for Argyllshire
1857-68, and holds 675S acres in the shire, valued at
£2867 per annum.
Castletown, a village in Olrig parish, Caithness, at
the southern corner of Dunnet Bay, 5 miles E by S of
Thurso, with which and with Wick it communicates
* Carby or Caerby Hill, to the S of the village, where there is a
strong native camp, 100 feet in diameter, with a Roman station
opposite, ia by Skene identified with ' Curia,' a town of the Otadeni.
CATHCART
daily by coach. A neat little place, it owes its origin
to the great Castlehill flag quarry (rental £1713) be-
tween it and the shore ; at it are a post office under
Thurso, with money order, savings' bank, and telegraph
departments, a branch of the Commercial Bank, an
hotel, a library and reading room, a harbour, Olrig
parish church (1S41), a Free church, a United Original
Secession church, and a public school. Pop. (1841) 477,
(1S61) 758, (1S71) 911, (1SS1) 932.— Ord. Sur., sh. 116,
1878.
Castle-Urquhart. See Urqufiart, Inverness-shire.
Castle-Varrich. See Tongue.
Castlewalls, an eminence (700 feet) near the E border
of Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire, 3 miles SSW of
Johnstone. Consisting of trap rock, precipitous on the
E and W, sloping on the N and S, it has an ancient eir-
cumvallation, supposed to be remains of a camp formed
by Sir William Wallace, but more probably remains of
a Caledonian fort ; and it commands a splendid view,
over Cunninghame and the Firth of Clyde, to Arran and
Ailsa Craig.
Castle Wemyss, a mansion in Innerkip parish, W
Renfrewshire, near Wemyss Point on the Firth of Clyde,
1 J mile NNW of Wemyss Bay.
Castlewigg, an estate, with a mansion, in Whithorn
parish, SE Wigtownshire. The mansion, standing 2J miles
Iff of Whithorn town in a finely wooded park, was
built about the beginning of this century ; its owner,
Col. Jn. Fletcher Hathorn (b. 1839 ; sue. 1842), holds
3582 acres in the shire, valued at £5169 per annum.
Castramont, a mansion in Girthon parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire, on the left bank of the Fleet, 3 miles N by
W of Gatehouse. It stands, embosomed by trees, at the
western base of conical Doon Hill, which took its name
from a native fort on its summit, as that of Castramont
is derived from a Roman camp at its foot.
Cat. See Coat.
Catacol, a fishing hamlet on the NW coast of Arran,
Buteshire, at the mouth of Glen Catacol, If mile SW
of Loch Ranza. A battle is fabled to have been fought
on its site between Fingal and his enemies ; and a small
green mound, on the neighbouring beach, is the re-
puted grave of Arin, the sea-king, whom Fingal slew.
Catcune. See Borthwick.
Caterline, an ancient parish and a modern fishing vil-
lage on the coast of Kincardineshire. The parish, united
to Kinneff before the Reformation, now forms the north-
ern portion of that parish. The village stands 5 miles
S of Stonehaven ; has St Philip's Episcopal church (1S4S),
Early English stjde, and a pier ; and carries on some
trifling commerce in the import of lime and coals.
Caterthun, White and Brown, two hills in the N of
Menmuir parish, Forfarshire, 5J miles N¥ of Brechin.
White Caterthun (976 feet) is so steep that its top can
be gained only from one side ; and, as seen from a dis-
tance, resembles the frustrurn of a cone. An oval Cale-
donian fort on it, measuring 436 feet by 200 feet, consists
of loose stones round the crest of the hill, with a deep
outer ditch ; includes near its E side remains of a rec-
tangular building ; and was defended, 200 feet lower
down, by another double intrenchment. Brown Cater-
thun (945 feet), j mile to the N E, has also a Caledonian
fort, consisting of several concentric circles, but inferior
in strength to the first; it takes its designation 'Brown'
from the colour of the turf ramparts, whilst its neighbour
was named from its rings of white stone. See vol. i. , pp.
84, 85, of Hill Burton's History of Scotland (ed. 1876).
Catgill, a hamlet in Half Morton parish, SE Dum-
friesshire, close to Chapelknowe.
Cathcart (Celt, caer-cart, ' Cart castle '), two villages
of NW Renfrewshire, and a parish partly also in Lan-
arkshire. The villages, Old and New Cathcart, stand
J mile asunder, near the right and left banks of White
Cart Water, 2f miles S of Glasgow, under which they
have a post office, and with which they communicate
several times a day by omnibus ; employment is given
to their inhabitants by a dye-work, a paper-mill, and a
snuff factory. Pop. of Old Cathcart (1881) 621 ; of New
Cathcart (1871) 933, (1881) 1656.
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