Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland > Volume 1

CALAIR
tower, with massive walls and projecting battlements ;
an apartment in it is called Queen Mary's Room, having
given shelter to that unfortunate princess after her flight
in male apparel from Boethwick, 13 June 1567. Here
she met Bothwell, and rode with him through the night
to Dunbar.
Calair, a burn in Balquhidder parish, Perthshire,
running 6| miles NE and N, through Glens Dubh and
Buckie, to the Balvag, opposite Balquhidder kirkton.
Descending from 2000 to 410 feet above sea-level, it is
subject to great freshets ; its waters teem with little trout.
Calbruar, a hamlet in the parish and 3 miles from the
village of Blair Athole, Perthshire.
Calda House. See Assynt.
Calder, a large district in the extreme W of Edin-
burghshire. The Gaelic choille-dur signifies a ' wooded
stream,' and doubtless was applied to the district on
account of the boskiness of its water-courses ; but the
name has been imposed on it at some very early period,
and in circumstauces unknown to record. The district
may have originally been one property or barony, but
was early divided into Calder-Clere on the E and Calder-
Comitis on the W — the latter by far the larger division —
being afterwards divided into Mid and West Calder.
Calder, a hamlet and a loch of NW Caithness. The
hamlet, to the E of the lake, is 6| miles SSW of Thurso,
under which it has a post office ; whilst a public school
at it, with accommodation for 120 children, had (18S2)
an average attendance of 38, and a grant of £55, 14s.
The loch, lying mainly in Halkirk, but partly in Reay
parish, at 205 feet above sea-level, has an extreme
length and breadth of 2| miles and 7^ furlongs ; presents
a pleasing appearance from its striking contrast to the
mossy and heathy lands which surround it; and contains
abundance of good trout and little char.
Calder, an affluent of the Avon. See Avondale.
Calder, a stream of Kingussie parish, E Inverness-shire,
formed by three head-streams which rise among the
Monadhliath Mountains at altitudes of from 2700 to 2900
feet above sea-level. It winds 4J miles eastward, at Spey
Bridge, near Newtonmore station, falling into the Spey.
Its waters abound in trout. — Ord. Sur., sh. 64, 1874.
Calder, a rivulet of Ayr and Renfrew shires. It rises
in Largs parish on the N slope of Burnt Hill (15S9 feet),
near the mutual border of the two counties ; runs 1 \ mile
ENE on this boundary, then 1\ miles E and SE on the
boundary between Kilmalcolm and Lochwiunoch parishes,
expanding here into a triangular lake, called Calder Dam
(2| x 1 \ furl. ) ; then proceeds about 5J miles SE, through
Lochwinnoch parish, to the head of Castle-Semple Loch,
in the vicinity of Lochwiunoch town. A number of beauti-
ful cascades diversify its romantic course, while on its
banks are several cotton-mills. — Ord. Sur., sh. 30, 1866.
Calder, a rivulet of NW Lanarkshire, rising on Elrig
Moor (1000 feet), in East Kilbride parish, near the Ayr-
shire boundary, and runuing 10 miles NNE and N within
East Kilbride parish, and along the boundary between
East Kilbride and Cambuslang on the left, Glasford and
Blantyre on the right, till it falls into the Clyde at
Turnwheel, 1J mile WNW of Uddingstone. Flowing
mostly on a gravelly or rocky bed, between steep and
richly w-ooded banks, it has a shallow rapid current, and
makes several falls or cascades, one of them wild and
romantic, and called the Reeking Linn. It bears the
name of Calder Water in its upper course, and of Rotten
Calder after receiving the Rotten Burn near Torrance. —
Ord. Sur., shs. 23, 31, 1865-67.
Calder, a seat of iron-works in Old Monkland parish,
Lanarkshire, on the right bank of North Calder Water,
opposite Carnbroe village in Bothwell parish, If mile
SE of Coatbridge, and 2 miles SSW of Airdrie. The
iron -works of Messrs Dixon, which were founded in 1805,
and which have six furnaces, adopted the hot blast
immediately after its invention had been patented by
the late Mr J. B. Neilson, in Oct. 1828. The works have
always been supplied with ironstone from New Monkland
parish, and receive the output of two ironstone pits, 36
fathoms deep, on Garturk estate. Two coalpits are near,
respectively 40 and 100 fathoms deep, the latter being
216
CALDER HOUSE
the deepest pit in the parish. A board school here,
with accommodation for 227 children, had (1882) a day
and an evening attendance of 228 and 37, and grants of
£210, 4s. and £17, 5s. 6d. Calder proper and Carnbroe
are jointly called Calder Iron- works. Pop. of the whole
(1861) 2136, (1871) 1787, (1881) 2180, of whom 725 were
in Carnbroe, and 1187 were males. Houses (1881) 412
inhabited, 66 vacant, 1 building. — Ord. Sur., sk. 31,1867.
Calder, a parish in Lanarkshire. See Caddee.
Calder, in Nairnshire. See Cawdoe.
Calderbank, a large industrial village of NE Lanark-
shire, partly in Bothwell but chiefly in Old Monkland
parish, on the North Calder Water, 2 miles SSE of
Airdrie. It has a post and telegraph office under Airdrie,
a school, and an Established chapel of ease ; and at it are
situated the iron-works of the Monkland Company, with
6 blast furnaces, 46 puddling furnaces, and 6 rolling
mills. The school, with accommodation for 252 children,
had (1S82) an average attendance of 221, and a grant of
£215, 6s. 6d. Pop. (1841) 1064, (1861) 2461, (1871)
2176, (1SS1) 1749.— CW. Sur., sh. 31, 1867.
Calderbank, an estate, with a mansion, in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire, 4f miles NW of Hamilton.
Calderbank, a village, with bleach-works, on the
river Calder, in Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire.
Caldercruix, a village in New Monkland parish, Lan-
arkshire, with a station on the Airdrie and Bathgate
section of the North British railway, 4£ miles ENE of
Airdrie. Pop. (1881) 306.
Calder, East, a village and an ancient parish in the
W of Edinburghshire. The village stands near the right
bank of the Almond, f mile ENE of Midcalder town,
and 1 J mile WNW of Midcalder station ; consists chiefly
of two rows of houses, with gardens behind ; and has a
U.P. church, originally built in 1776, and a public
school. At it was born a minor poet, Alex. Rodger
(1784-1846). The ancient burying-ground of the parish,
with the ivy-clad ruin of the church, adjoins the village,
and an extensive quarry of excellent limestone is a little
to the E. The parish was united in 1750 to the parish
of Kirknewton. The manor or barony was given by
Malcolm IV. to Randulph de Clere, taking from him
the name of Calder-Clere, to distinguish it from the ad-
joining manor of Calder-Comitis, belonging to the Earl
of Fife ; underwent forfeiture in the wars of the succes-
sion ; was given in 1306, by Robert Bruce, to James
Douglas, the ancestor of the Earls of Morton ; and in-
cludes a tract called Mortoune, which disputes with
Morton parish in Dumfriesshire the claim of having
given their peerage title to the Earls of Morton. Pop.
of village (1S71) 5S9, (18S1) 734.— Ord. Sur., sh. 32,
1857.
Caldergrove, an estate, with a handsome modern
mansion, in Cambuslang parish, Lanarkshire, 4J miles
WNW of Hamilton.
Calderhall, an estate, with a mansion, in the East
Calder section of Kirknewton parish, Edinburghshire,
J mile SSW of East Calder village.
Calderhead, a quoad sacra parish and a registration
district in Shotts and Cambusnethan parishes, Lanark-
shire, lying around the head of South Calder river, 2^
miles SSE of Kirk-of-Shotts. Constituted in 1872, the
parish is in the presbytery of Hamilton and synod of
Glasgow and Ayr ; its minister's stipend is £250. The
church was built as a chapel of ease in 1860, at a cost of
£1000 ; and under Calderhead school-board, 4 schools —
Allanton, Calderhead, and 2 at Shotts — with total ac-
commodation for 974 children, had (1882) an average
attendance of 709, and grants amounting to £610, 6s. 2d.
Pop. of registration district (1861) 4034, (1871) 4271,
(1SS1) 4158.
Calder House, a mansion in Midcalder parish, Edin-
burghshire, in the southern vicinity of Midcalder town.
Standing on an elevated lawn, and surrounded by orna-
mental walks, it adjoins an extensive and romantic
wood intersected by Murieston and Linhouse Waters.
It is in part a very ancient building, with walls of 7 feet
thickness, and includes a great hall, upborne on arches,
and modernised into a drawing-room. This seat is