Gazetteer of Scotland

JED
ftrange reverie, that divine fervice
mould be performed only 4 times in
the year ; in a place where it was
forme' ly performed as many times in
the diy.
J fefi ; a river in Roxburghlhire. It
tak.-s its rife in Carter-hill, in the pa-
ri!:, pf Southdean, on the very bord-
ers of England , and, running by the
royal bo tj ;hof Jedburgh, unites with
the Tct ' arid other rivers, and falls
into tlii- Tweed a few miles above
Kelfo ; it abounds with trout, parti-
cularly a fpecies of red trout, of ex-
quisite flavour ; its courfe, which is
nearly 3*0 miles, is through the fmeft
part of the country of Scotland, and
its banks every where exhibit the molt
romantic fcenery : in many places they
are lteep and rocky, with numerous
artificial caves, which had been ufed
as retreats from the incurfions of the
Englifh invaders."
JEDBURGH ; a royal borough in
the county of Roxburgh, delightfully
lituated on the banks of the river Jed,
and furrounded on every fide with
hills of confiderable height. It is a
burgh of very ancient erection, and
appears to have been a place of note
previous to the year 1165, from a
charter from William the Lion King
of Scotland, when he founded the ab-
bey and monaftery of Jedburgh, or as it
was then fometimes called, Jed-warth.
It continued a place of confiderable
trade ; and, early in laft century, was
one of the molt important towns on
the Englifh border: but, after the
union of the two kingdoms, the trade
of Jedburgh was in a great meafure
ruined, and the population and fize of
the town diminifhed in confequence :
even at this time, although the wool-
len manufacture has conliderably re-
vived here, as well as in the neigh-
bouring towns of Kelfo, Hawick, and
Calajhieh, there are the remains of
many uninhabited houfes. The town
is governed by a provoft, 3 bailies, af-
fifted by a felect council of the princi-
pal citizens ; it has feveral well at-
tended fairs, and has a good weekly
market for corn and cattle ; it is the
feat of the circuit court, and the feat
of a pi-efbytery. The neighbourhood
of the town is noted for its orchards;
the average annual value of the pears
alone being eftimated at about 300I.
The parifh of Jedburgh is of great
XL A
extent, being about 13 miles long, and
in forne places not lei's than 6 or 7
broad : the greater part of the parilh
is hilly, and laid out in fheep farms,
which are dry, and covered with-lux-
uriant pafhire : the interjacent valleys,
indeed, are fwampy and wet ; but
thefe are of frtiall extent, and many of
the marfhes have been drained : the
arable land, which may be reckoned
nearly a fifth part of the whole, lies
on the banks of the Jed and Tev'iot,
which water the parilh., and unite a
mile below the town of Jedburgh.
The arable foil is generally a light fer-
tile loam, and, in a few places, a mix-
ture of clay and gravel. Formerly
there was a great quantity of wood in
the parilh, and a few of the old oaks,
elms, &c. Hill remain. A great extent
of plantation has lately been laid out;
and, on the banks of the Jed in parti-
cular, in the line of road from Jed-
burgh to Northumberland. The hill
of Dunian, fituated partly in this pa-
rilh, and in that of Bedrule, is elevat-
ed 1024 feet above the level of the
fea. There are two chalybeate mineral
fprings, and a fulphureous one, highly
efteemed in fcrophulous and fcorbutic
cafes. The quarries afford abundance
of excellent freeftone, but no other
mineral of value has been difcovered :
the. whole neighbourhood experiences
the want of coal, the neareft pit being
at Ryechejler, diftant 20 miles, on the
Englifh border. The ruins of the ab-
bey of Jedburgh are fituated on the
point formed by the confluence of the
Jed and Tevict ; and part of the old
abbey church is ftill ufed as the parifh
place of worfhip. Population in 1793,
3288 ; of which number upwards of
2000 refided in the town.
ILA, ILAY, ISLA, or ISLAY; one
of the Hebrides, lying to the S. W. of
Jura, and in the county of Argyll. It
is 28 miles long from N. to S. and 18
broad from E. to W. On the E. fide
the furface is hilly, and covered with
heath, but the greater part of the
ifland is flat; and, where uncultivated,
covered with a fine green fward. The
coaft is rugged and rocky, but in-
dented by numerous bays and har-
bours, which are fafe landing-places
for fmall veffels ; and at Lochinda/e is
a harbour for fhips of confiderable bur-
den, with a quay, oppofite to the large
village of Bowmore. There are feve-