Gazetteer of Scotland

CRA
herring fifnery ; but the fifhery, from
various caufes, has been declining for
this fame time, and Crail has declined
alio. The parifh occupies the whole
of the eaft nook of Fife, extending- in
length about 6 miles, and of very irre-
gular breadth. The general appear-
ance is flat and naked ; the expofure
to the fea winds being very unfavour-
able to the growth of trees. From the
fhore, the ground rifes abruptly to the
height of 60 or 80 feet above the level
of the lea. The foil is very various,
being found of all kinds, from the
richeft black loam to the pcoreft thin
Tret clay. From the attention paid to
hufbandry, they have generally plen-
tiful crops. In former times, coal
ufed to be wrought in mo ft parts of
the parifh. Limeftone is alfo found
in a few quarries. There is- plenty of
fireeftone, but the quality is not good.
Balcomie-bcufe, a feat of the late Ge-
neral Scott, is well known as a fea-
mark by failors navigating thefe feas.
Airdrie and Wormifton are two fine
modern houfes. The remains of a
priory, and the ruins of an old caftle,
where David I. refided, are the only
remains of antiquity. Sibbald fays,
that David I. died here. Population
in 1798, 1624.
CR AILING ; a parifh in the dif-
tridt of Teviotdale, county of Rox-
burgh ; its form is nearly circular,
having a diameter of nearly 4 miles ;
its furface reprefents a valley, with
the river Teviot running in the centei\
The foil, though various, is excellent,
and very fertile. Towards the S. there
are considerable plantations of wood.
Befides the Teviot, the fexall river
Oxnam waters the parifh, and falls in-
to the Teviot at this place. Agricul-
ture i-s more attended to here than
perhaps in any part in Scotland. Marl,
lime, txvA' gypjimi, are ufed for ma-
nure. The turnpike from Hawick to
Kelfopafles throughthe parifh. Mount
Teviot Lodge, a fiat of the Marquis
of Lothian, is finely iituatcd on the
borders of a romantic glen, the fides
of which are covered with natural
wood. At the foot of the glen is
Crailing-houfe, the feat of Mr. Hunter.
A Roman road or caufeway runs
through the parifh ; near which are
feve'ral fortification?:, which are alio
faid to be Roman. Population in
1790-8, 675!.
CRA
CRAMOND ; a parifh fituated on
the S. fide of the Frith of Forth, part-
ly in the county of Linlithgow, and
partly in Mid-Lothian; it is watered
by the fmall river of Amon, which is
the boundary of the fnires. The fides
of this river are beautifully ornament-
ed, from about Craighie-hall to where
it falls into the Forth ; at this place-
is the village of Nether Cramond. The
whole extent of the parifh is from 6
to 7 miles in length, while the breadth
varies from 1 to 2. Towr.rds the N.
and E. the furface is flat, interfperfed
with gentle eminences. • This part is
fei'tile, and the cultivation is well at-
tended to. The neighbourhood of
Edinburgh, from which it is diftant
only about 3 miles, affords a ready
market for the produce,' and furniihes
plenty of excellent manure for the
farms. The fouthern and weftern part
of the parifh is more hilly and broken ;
Corftorphine hill, riling to the height,
of 470 feet above the level of the fea,
is partly in this parifh. To this alfo
i6 annexed the 2 fmall iflands of Cra-
mond and Inehmickery. The road
from Edinburgh to Queensferry paffes
through the parifh, croffing the A-
mond and Cramond bridge. The
fifheries on tne Forth are* much lefs
than they have been at former times.
The oyfter beds on the coaft, and a-
bout the iflands of Cramond and Ineh-
mickery, are almoft deftroyed from
over fifhing ; and the Amon, which
formerly abounded with falmon and
trout, is now almoft deferted. Roy-
fton-houfe is an elegant feat. The
principal manufacture carried on is
the forging of iron, and working of
fteel. It is faid the company employs a
capital of upwards of 30,0001. Spades,
bolts for fhips, rods, bars, hoops, Sec.
are manufactured at this work. Free--
ftone abounds in many places ; as alfo
whinftone, and granite. Ironftone is
found along the coafc, and there are
many large feams of coal ; but, though
pits have been frequently funk, they
have fhortly been given up, on ac-
count of the badnefs of the coal. In
Corftorphine hill there is a fpecies of
ftone, feemingly compofed of fchiftus
and quartz? which is fo hard, that when'
beated and pulverized, has been found
to anfwer moft of the purpofes of
emery* There is another kind of
mixed ftone, which has the appearance-