Gazetteer of Scotland

C A M
iqunrc. The furface is beautifully di-
versified With hill and dale, confifting
of a ridge of about half a mile broad,
formed by Dick-mount, and Surnlea
hills, extending nearly 2 miles from
E. to W. From this central ridge the
ground declines in a gradual manner
to the Clyde on the N. and to thew*-
ter of Cadder on the S. The foil is
different ; on the ridge it is gravelly ;
the banks of the Clyde are light loam,
and the reft of the pariih is clay, with
a tilly bottom. The Clyde is about
350 feet broad at this place, and ge-
nerally overflows part of Cambuflang
3 or 4 times a year. The principal
.employment is weaving, and (pinning
of cotton. Coal abounds in the dii-
trict, where it has been wrought for
upwards of 300 years. Vaft beds of
-excellent freeftone are alfo found in
•every part of the pariih ; the ilrata of
which, as well as of the coal, dip to-
wardsthe river ; and what is fingular,
■on the N. fide of the Clyde, the dip is
alfo towards the river. A flratum of
marble, 6 to 12 inches thick, extends
over a coniklerable part of the parifh ;
it is found in coal pits at the depth of
180 or 200 feet ; the dip is alio to the
Clyde ; it is of a beautiful dark brown
coluur, with whitifh (freaks and-fpots,
and receives a very high pojiih. Dick-
mount hill feems to have .been ancient-
ly a place of ftrength, and from its ex-
tenfive profpect, muft have been well
•adapted for a watch tower. Latrick
and Gilbertneld, where Hamilton the
poetical correfpondent of Allan Ram-
'fay lived, are in this pariih. Popula-
tion in i-gz, 1288.
CAMBUSNETHAN ; a parifh Si-
tuated on the banks of the Clyde, in
the middle ward of the county of La-
nark. It extends in' a N. E. direction
from the river, nearly 12 miiesin length,
and on an average about 3 in breadth.
The haughs on the Clyde and Calder,
another fmall rivulet, are exteniive
and beautiful. A confiderable part is
occupied by a lawn, in front of the
manfion-houfe of Cambufnethan, the
property of Mr. Lockhart of Caftle-
hill ; the reft of the haughs are en-
clofed, and well cultivated ; on the
bank, which riles above the haugli-
grounds, the foil is clay, covered with
extenfive orchards, well lheltered from
the N. and E. winds by coppice woods,
and regular plantations j farther up
C A M
the foil becomes moffy, or mixed with
a black land, peculiarly unfavourable
for vegetation. The principal enclo-
fures are thorn hedges, which give the
country in rummer an agreeable and
regular appearance. The village of
Cambufnethan is fituated on the great
road leading from Glafgowto Lanark,
and contains nearly 400 inhabitants.
Here is eftabliihed a library, fupported
by annual iubfcription, and containing
a judicious fele&ion of books. In the
parifh is abundance of excellent coal,
capable of being wrought with great
eafe ; there are alfo great quantities
of ironftone and freeftone. Popula-
tion in 1791, 1684.
- CAMERON ; a -village and parifh
in the county of Fife. The parifh ex-
tends about 4 miles in every direction,
exhibiting a bleak naked country, al-
moft a continued tract of heathy rnuir.
Coal and limeftone abound ; and this
laft mineral has been of the utmoft
fervice in improving the land,andrend-
ering fertile tins barren fpot. A. great
part is enclofed ; but mare attention
is paid to the rearing of fheep, than
the cultivation of the foil. Mr. Dur-
ham of Largo has lately erected 2
powerful fteam engines for working
his coals. The village lies about 4
miles S. W. of the city of St. Andrews.
Population in 1794, 11 65 ; in 1801,
ioov.
CAMPBELLTOWN ; a royal bo-
rough in the county of Argyll. It
was originally a fmall fifhing village,
and was erected into a royal borough
in 1701. It is fituated in that diftrict
of Argyllfhire called Kintyre, of which
it is the preibytery feat. It received
its prefent name at the time of its e-
rection into ahorough ; .before which
period, it went by the name of Cean?i-
loch (Loch-head.), which it ftill retains
in the language of the country ; but
its oldeft name is Dalruadkain, from
having been the capital of the ancient
Scottifh or Dalreudinian kingdom. It
is now a. large and flourishing town,
and is daily increafmg. The harbour is
about 2 miles long, and 1 broad, in the
form of a crefcent ; from 6 to 10 fa-
thom water; excellent anchorage ; fur-
rounded by high hills on each fide,
with an ifland to fhelter the entrance.
1 It is appointed the rendezvous of the
1 bufies employed in the herring fifhery.
1 This fifhery is the principal tjrad of
I H a