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1959-60

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ATHLETICS
(d) ,fudges (Field).
The total number required will depend upon
whether two events will be on at the same time. Jumping events
need at least two Judges but throwing events need three or more.
It is absolutely essential that the judges should be experienced in
judging field events and know the detailed rules.
(e) Starter.
The Rules of Starting are given in full later under
A.A.A. Competition Rules Nos.
6z-66
(page
136).
The Starter
has complete control over the start, and his decision is final.
The following points are important :
(i) Stand where you can see all the runners in the "set"
position. Stand where all runners can hear your orders
distinctly and very nearly at the same moment.
(ii) Actually name an offender who breaks, and when warning
him ensure that he understands you must disqualify him
next time.
(iii) Don't warn competitors to strip until you have ensured
that the Judges are ready.
(iv) Never allow a competitor to go straight to his marks after
stripping.
(v) Remember—unless a competitor is motionless on his marks
he is making a false start by either " rocking " or " creeping."
(,f) Starter's Kit.
A Starter should provide himself with the fol-
lowing kit :
(i) Pistol, automatic, or some similar weapon. An ordinary
.38
or .45 Service revolver is quite suitable, but should be
fired " cocked " to minimise the possibility of delay between
the Starter's brain giving the order to fire and the actual
explosion.
If a single action weapon is used, a second one should be
carried for recall purposes.
(ii) Ammunition.
(iii) Whistle, to be blown before the start of each race, to com-
municate your state of preparedness to the Judges
(iv) A set of numbered " Lots," to be used by the runners to
draw for positions.
(g)
Timekeepers.
These officials should be chosen with care. It
means a great deal to a runner to have his time recorded with
accuracy and not to be credited with a time far above his capabilities.
Here are a few points about Timekeepers which should be
remembered:
(i) There should, if possible, be three of them.
(ii) Timekeepers must start the watches on the flash of the pistol
(which the Starter should hold in the air) and not wait for the
report.
(iii) They must line up in line with the winning posts, preferably
all on one side, opposite to the judges and must watch the
tape and line. They must have an unobstructed view of the
finishing line.