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GOLF
19.
Observer
An " observer " is appointed by the Committee to assist a referee
to decide questions of fact and to report to him any breach of a rule
or local rule. An observer should not attend the flagstick, stand at
or mark the position of the hole, or lift the ball or mark its position.
20.
Obstructions
An " obstruction " is anything artificial, whether erected, placed
or left on the course.
When walls, fences, stakes, railings or similar _objects define out
of bounds, they are not obstructions, nor are artificially_ constructed
roads and paths anywhere.
21.
Out of Bounds
" Out of bounds " is ground on which play is prohibited.
When out of bounds is fixed by stakes or a fence, the out of bounds
line is determined by the nearest inside points of the stakes or fence
posts at ground level ; the line extends upwards. When out of
bounds is fixed by a line on the ground, the line itself is out of bounds.
A ball is out of bounds when all of it lies out of bounds.
22.
Outside
Agency
An " outside agency " is any agency not part of the match or,
in stroke play, not part of a competitor's side, and includes a
referee, a marker, an observer, or a forecaddie employed by the
Committee.
23.
Partner
A " partner " is a player associated with another player on the
same side.
In a threesome, foursome or a four-ball, where the context
so admits, the word " player " shall be held to include his partner.
24.
Penalty Stroke
A " penalty stroke " is one added to the score of a side under
certain rules. It does not affect the order of play.
25.
Putting Green
The "putting green" is all ground of the hole being played
which is specially prepared for putting or otherwise defined as such
by the Committee.
26. Referee
A
" referee " is a person who has been appointed by the Com-
mittee to accompany players to decide questions of fact and golf
law. He shall act on any breach of rule or local rule which he may
observe or which may be reported to him by an observer (Definition
1
9)•
In stroke play the Committee may limit a referee's duties.
A referee should not attend the flagstick, stand at or mark the
position of the hole, or lift the ball or mark its position.
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