1938-39

{
500
SWIMMING
the bath with both hands, and with feet up ready to push off on
the word " Go."
(b) The Check Starter is necessary in all handicap races. He
should disqualify any competitor who starts before his proper
number is called. The duties of a Check Starter do not include
checking the counting.
(c) The Handicapper for handicap events. For all " Open Handi-
cap Competitions " he should be the Official Handicapper for the
District; for these competitions the name of the Handicapper must
appear in all advertisements, .announcements, etc.
(d) The Judges, who shall decide as to the placing of the com-
petitors at the finish, and deal with any fouls which may occur
after the Starter has sent off the competitors.
Sufficient Judges must be appointed to ensure that the above
duties can be carried out, including as they do the supervision of
competitors as regards the stroke used, touching and turning, the
distances swum and the supervision of the starting of all com-
petitors in Relay Races after the first in each team.
(e) The Timekeepers, who shall take and note all required times
in heats and finals. Where standard times are involved, one or
more additional Timekeepers, to be called " Standard Timekeepers,"
should be appointed.
It is important that
(i) Timekeepers' watches should be synchronised previous to
taking times in events.
(ii) Timekeepers should all start their watches on the word
" Go," and not on competitors leaving the end of the bath
or striking the water.
(iii) Timekeepers should look at their watches before the start
of each race to ensure that they are at " zero."
(f) A Referee, to whom appeal shall be made in the event of a
difference of opinion amongst the Judges ; his decision shall be final.
At the conclusion of a race it is advisable for the Referee to enter
up on a card (brought to him for each event by a Judges' Steward)
the placings and times of the number of competitors required ;
these placings and times to be given him by the judges and Time-
keepers.
(g) Competitors' Stewards, who must keep order in the dressing-
rooms and see that the competitors are properly dressed according
to the Rules before they appear in public (A.S.A. Laws 5o and 58).
(h) Judges' Stewards should be appointed, if possible. These
are extremely useful for communicating between Referee, Judges,
Timekeepers and Starter, and for producing any cards or forms
which may have to be filled up by these Officials.
They should also be used for passing the results from the Referee
to the M.C. or other official who may be announcing them, and for
taking them subsequently to the Recorders, where they are used.
(i) The Hon. Secretary, Committee and Whips help to keep the
programme up to time and assist generally towards the convenience
of competitors and spectators.
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