Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 3, Anatomy-Astronomy

140 A N E
Andry- deities, who were very fond of their island, viz., Poverty and
chow Impossibility, and therefore could give no money. The-
II mistocles, not satisfied with this answer, laid siege to the
Anemone. town^ ^ut was unable to take it. It afterwards, however,
became subject to the Athenians ; and, as we are informed
by Plutarch, Pericles, a few years after, sent thither a colony
of 250 Athenians. It was soon retaken by the Persians;
and, on the overthrow of their empire by Alexander the
Great, submitted to him, along with the other islands. On
his death it sided with Antigonus, who was driven out by
Ptolemy. The successors of the last-mentioned prince held
it till the time of the Romans, when Attalus, king of Per-
gamus, besieged Andros at the head of a Roman army, and,
having taken it, was by them put in possession of the whole
island. Upon the death of Attalus the republic claimed
this island, as well as his other dominions, in virtue of his
last will.
Andro contains a town of the same name with 5000 in¬
habitants, and a great many villages. It is the most fruit¬
ful island in the Archipelago, and yields a great quantity of
silk. The population has been estimated at about 15,000.
When visited by Tournefort, Andro contained seven mon¬
asteries, a great number of churches, and a cathedral for the
bishops of the Roman Catholic persuasion ; but most of the
inhabitants were of the Greek communion. It now forms
part of the kingdom of Greece. It is about 21 miles long
and 8 broad. Long. 24. 50. E. Lat. 37. 50. N.
ANDRYCHOW, a city in the circle of Myslenicze, in
the Austrian province of Galizia, on the river Wieprzowka,
with a castle, and 3000 inhabitants. It has several manu¬
factories of fine damask and other table-linen.
ANDUJAR, a city of Spain, in the province of Jaen, in
Andalucia. It is situated near the mouth of the Jandula,
on the south side of the Sierra Morena, which defends it
from the cold winds of the north. There is an old bridge
over the Guadalquiver at this place. The surrounding coun¬
try is well watered, and yields abundant harvests of wheat,
barley, oil, and wine; and numerous hives of bees furnish
abundant supplies of honey and wax. From a whitish clay
found here, they manufacture a kind of jars called alcar-
rasas, which are highly esteemed for their property of keep¬
ing water cool in the hottest summer weather. It contains
a castle, five churches, several monasteries, a theatre, and
10,000 inhabitants. Long. 4. 1. W. Lat. 38. 1. 32. N.
ANDUZE, a town of France, in the department of the
Gard, seated on the river Gardon. It carries on a consi¬
derable trade in serges and woollen cloth, hats, silk, and
leather. Long. 3. 42. E. Lat. 43. 39. N. Pop. 4412.
ANECDOTES (dve/<SoTa), a term used by some authors
for the titles of Secret Histories ; but it more properly de¬
notes a relation of detached and interesting particulars. The
Greek word signifies things not yet published, compounded
of a privative and eKSiSw/u. Procopius gives this title to a
book which he published against Justinian and his wife
Theodora. Anecdotes is also an appellation given to such
works of the ancients as have not yet been published; in
which sense Muratori gives the name Anecdota Grceca to
several writings of the Greek fathers, found in the libraries,
and first published by him. Martene and Durand have given
a Thesaurus novus Anecdotorum, in 5 vols. folio.
ANEL, Dominique, an eminent French surgeon, born
at Toulouse in 1679. He is celebrated for his successful
treatment of aneurism and fistula lachrymalis ; and was the
inventor of the probe and syringe still known by his name.
He appears to have died about the year 1722. His works
have been published.
ANEMONE (dvqiiwvij), a genus of plants belonging to
the natural order of Ranunculaceae. The name was coven
from the supposition that these plants opened to the blow-
A N G
ing of the wind (dve/ios). See Botany, and Horticul- Anemo-
TURE. meter
ANEMOMETER, and Anemoscope, machines for mea- il
suring the force, and indicating the course, of the wind. v ^nSe1'
See Physical Geography.
ANEMUR, or An amour, the most southern point of
Asia Minor, on the south coast of Caramania. The castle
of Anemur stands six miles east of the cape, on the edge of
the sea, and extends about 800 feet by 300. Its citadel is
placed on a small rocky eminence, and is in a ruinous state.
Long. 32. 50. E. Lat. 36. 1. N.
ANEROID BAROMETER. See Barometer.
ANET, a handsome town of France, nine miles north¬
east of Dreux. It has the ruins of a castle, built for Diana
of Poictiers by Henri II., and destroyed in the revolution of
1792. Pop. 1421. Near it is the plain of Ivry, where
Henri IV. defeated the armies of the League under May-
enne, in 1590.
ANEURISM, a term in surgery for a dilated artery.
ANGAR, Angan, or Hindsham, a barren and uninha¬
bited island on the Arabian shore of the Persian Gulf, on
the south side of the island of Kishma, about 12 miles in
circuit. It must have been formerly inhabited, as it con¬
tains the ruins of a considerable town, and many reservoirs
of water. It has also two wells, and a stream of good water,
which unfortunately become dry in the hot weather. It is
covered with pits of salt and metallic ores, and a soft rocky
substance resembling lava. The hills, which are overspread
with shells of oysters and other fish, abound in wild goats,
rabbits, and partridges.
ANGARA, Upper and Lower, two rivers of Asiatic
Russia, in the government of Irkutsk. The former rises in
the mountains of Nertchinsk, and after a westerly course
of about 300 miles, falls into Lake Baikal. The latter
has its rise in Lake Baikal, near its southern extremity, and
passing the town of Irkutsk, falls into the Jenisei after a
course of above 1100 miles, forming several waterfalls in
its progress.
ANGARI, or Angarii, in Antiquity, public couriers
appointed for the carrying of messages. The ancient Per¬
sians had their ayyapelov, which was a set of couriers on
horseback, posted at certain stages or distances, always in
readiness to receive the royal dispatches from one, and for¬
ward them to another, with wonderful celerity, answering to
what the moderns call posts (positi), as being posted at cer¬
tain places or stages. The angari were also called by the
Persians astandce. This system of couriers was adopted by
the Roman emperors, and the supplying of the horses and
their maintenance was a burden from which the emperor
alone could grant exemption.
ANGARIA. See Angari.
ANGAZYA, one of the Comoro Islands, which lie be¬
tween the north end of Madagascar and the coast of Zan-
guebar in Africa, from Lat. 11. to 13. S. It is inhabited by
Moors, who trade w ith several parts of the continent, in cattle,
fruits, and various commodities of the island, which they ex¬
change for calicoes and other cotton cloths.
ANGEIOl OMY, in Surgery, implies the opening of a
vein or artery, as in bleeding; and consequently includes
both arteriotomy and phlebotomy.
AN GEL, a spiritual being, the first in rank and dignity
among created intelligences. The word angel in Greek,
(ayyeXos), signifies a messenger: the Hebrew signi¬
fies the same thing. The angels are called in Daniel, chap,
iv. ver. 13, &c., D’tJU, or watchers, from their vigilance:
for the same reason, in the remains we have of the prophecy
atti ibuted to Enoch, they are named Egregori ; which word
imports the same in Greek.
1 he term Angel therefore, in the nrouer signification of