Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 3, Anatomy-Astronomy

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AND
Andrews this curious and extensive work, no more of it having ap-
N peared than the two volumes above mentioned. In 1796
C^-hc published a continuation of Henry’s History of Britain
in one volume 4to and two volumes 8vo, and died at Bromp-
ton the following year. He was the author of various other
miscellaneous works.
Andrews, Lancelot, bishop of Winchester, was born at
London in 1555, and educated at Cambridge. After seve¬
ral preferments he was made bishop, first of Chichester, then
of Ely, and in 1618 was raised to the see of Winchester.
This very learned prelate, who was distinguished by his
piety, charity, and integrity, may be justly ranked with the
best preachers and scholars of his age. He appeared, how¬
ever, to much greater advantage in the pulpit than he does
now in his works, which abound with Latin quotations and
trivial witticisms. He died at Winchester house in South¬
wark, September 25. 1626, on the anniversary of his birth
and was buried in the parish church of St Saviour’s, where
his executors erected to him a handsome monument of
marble and alabaster, with an elegant inscription in Latin
written by one of his chaplains. His most popular works are
ms Sermons, his Lectures on the Ten Commandments, and
his Orphan Lectures, each forming a folio volume. There
is a collection by Felix Kyngston of some other pieces writ¬
ten by him, which was published in 4to in 1629.
ANDBIA, a city and a bishop’s see in the territory of
Ban, kingdom of Naples, situated in a spacious plain, four
miles from the Adriatic. It has a fine cathedral, and a royal
college. Pop. 14,600. It derives its name from the caverns
m its vicinity. Long. 16. 17. E. Lat. 41. 14. N.
ANDRIANTES, in Grecian Antiquity, statues erected
in honour o the victors at the public games, a custom which
appears to date from the 58th Olympiad. (Paus. vi. 18, S 5.)
According to Pliny, it was necessary to have been thrice a
victor, to be honoured with a statua iconica, or actual like¬
ness. (Hist. Nat. xxxiv. 9.)
ANDRIEU, Bertrand, a celebrated engraver of medals
born in 1/65 at Bordeaux, where his father was a vintner’
He is considered as the restorer of the art in France, which
had declined after the time of Louis XIV.; and was so highly
esteemed, that during the last twenty years of his life he
was entrusted by the French government with the execu¬
tion of every work of importance. Many of his medals are
figured in the Medallic History of Napoleon. He died in
lo22.
ANDRISCUS, a man of mean extraction, who, pretend¬
ing to be the son of Perseus, last king of Macedonia, took
upon himthe name of Philip, for which reason he was called
Pseudo-Philippas, the False Philip. After a complete
victory over Juventius, the Roman praetor, who was sent
against him, he assumed kingly power, but exercised it with
great cruelty. At last the Romans obliged him to fly into
hrace, where he was betrayed and delivered into the hands
of Metellus, B.c. 148. This victory placed Macedonia once
more in the power of the Romans, and gained for Metellus
the name of Macedonicus, but cost the Romans 25,000 men.
Andriscus adorned the triumph of Metellus, walking in chains
oetore the general’s chariot.
AND RO CL US, a Roman slave who used to lead about
ie streets a lion which had forborne to injure him when
turned loose in the circus. The story is related, on the
authority of an eye-witness, by Aulus Gellius (v. 14), who
states that Androclus had taken refuge from the severities
0 ns master in a cave in Africa, and that while there, a lion
entered the cave and presented to him his swollen paw, from
w “c“ Androclus extracted a large thorn,
i • EOGEOS, in Fabulous History, the son of Minos,
King of Crete, was murdered by the Athenian youth and
ose o Megara, who envied his being always victor at the
vol. in. ° J
and
137
^lige^Rie8,inhabit 1t°SthaVinf taken Athens ancI Megara, Androides.
seven « men T ^ him an annual tribute of'
the Minotaur FW as many virgins, to be devoured by
Theseus. ' 1 nS tn^ute t^leywere delivered by
ANDRCHDES (dvyp and eTSos), a human figure which
by certain springs or other movements, is candle of ner’
forming some of the natural motions of a living man The
motions of the human body are more complicated and con!
sequently more difficult to be imitated, than those of anv
ot er creature; whence the construction of an androides
m such a manner as to imitate any of these actions with
tolerable exactness, is justly supposed to indicate a greater
whatever?16011811108 ^ anj °ther pieCe of workmanship
A very remarkable figure of this kind appeared in Paris
the year 1738. It represented a flute-player, and was
capable of performing different pieces of music on the Ger¬
man flute; which, considering the difficulty of blowing that
instrument, the different contractions of the lips necessary
to produce the distinctions between the high and low notes
WT)nderfiflmpllCated m0ti°ns oft,ie fingers, must appear truly
This machine was the invention of M. Vaucanson, mem¬
ber of the Royal Academy of Sciences; and a particular
description of it was published in the Memoirs of the Aca-
demy for that year.
The figure itself was about 5£ feet in height, situated at
t m end of an artificial rock, and placed upon a square pedes¬
tal 4f feet high and 3£ broad. The air entered the body bv
three pipes separated one from the other. It was conveyed
to them by nine pairs of bellows, three of which were placed
above and six below. These were made to expand and con¬
tract regularly in succession by means of an axis of steel
turned round by some clockwork. On this axis were dif¬
ferent protuberances at proper distances, to which were fixed
cords thrown oyer pulleys, and terminating in the upper
boards of the bellows, so that, as the axis turned, these boards
were alternately raised and let down. A contrivance was
also used to prevent the disagreeable hissing fluttering noise
usually attending the motion of bellows. This was by making
the cord by which the bellows was moved press, in its de¬
scent, upon one end of a smaller lever, the other end of which
ascending, forced open the small leathern valve that admitted
the air, and kept it so till, the cord being relaxed by the de¬
scent of the upper board, the lever fell, and the air was forced
out. I hus the bellows performed their functions constantly
without the least hissing, or other noise by which it could be
judged in what manner the air was conveyed to the machine.
t upper boards of three of the pairs of bellows, were pressed
down by a weight of 4 lb., those of three others by a weight
of 2 lb., and those of the three remaining ones by nothing but
their own weight.
1 he three tubes by which the air entered terminated in
three small reservoirs in the trunk of the figure. There
they united, and, ascending towards the throat, formed the
cavrty of the mouth, which terminated in two small lips
adapted in some measure to perform their proper functions.
ithm this cavity also was a small movable tongue, which,
by its play, at proper periods admitted the air, or inter¬
cepted its passage to the flute.
• Pn^ers’ PPS’ an^ fongue? received their proper direc¬
tions by means of a steel cylinder turned by clockwork. It
was divided into 15 equal parts, which, by means of pegs
pressing upon the ends of 15 different levers, caused the
other extremities to ascend. Seven of these levers directed
the fingers, having wires and chains affixed to their ascend¬
ing extremities, which being attached to the fingers, caused
them to ascend in proportion as the other extremity was