New volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica > Volume 30, K-MOR

366 LOUISIAN
Banks. —The state bank examiner gives the following figures
for state banks in Louisiana in October 1900 :—
Capital stock . . . • $7,015,210
Deposits . . ■ . • 36,378,809
Real estate .... 1,803,071
Specie . . . • - 2,258,334
Currency ..... 2,302,716
Railways.—The total length of railways in 1880 was 652 miles ;
in 1890, 1740 miles ; in 1899, 2410 miles. The chief lines are the
Southern Pacific, with a total mileage operated of 437 ; the
Texas and Pacific, with 358 ; the Kansas City Southern Rail¬
way, with 222; the Vicksburg, Shreveport, and Pacific, with
170 ; the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley, with 170 ; the St Louis,
Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, with 144.
Newspapers.—In 1900 there were 218 newspapers, including
daily, 22 ; tri-weekly, 1 ; semi-weekly, 3 ; weekly, 178 ; semi¬
monthly, 4 ; monthly, 10.
Commerce.—Exports from New Orleans, for year ended 30th
June 1900, $114,702,493 ; imports, $17,498,434. Vessels entered
and cleared at port of New Orleans, 3097 ; tonnage, 4,643,064.
Levees.—The revenue by which the levee system is maintained
comes from the United States Government, from a state tax of
one mill for a general engineer fund, and from revenues from the
thirteen levee districts. From 1898 to 1900 the cubic yardage of
work done was 18,792,526, the cost of which was $2,994,957.
More than half of the work was done by the United States.
History and Administration.—In 1877 the period of recon¬
struction ended, owing to the efforts of the White League, and
from that time the state has enjoyed a free government and has
greatly prospered. In 1890 an attempt was made to renew the
charter of the Louisiana State Lottery Company, which offered a
large sum annually for the privilege. Governor Nicholls and the
Anti-Lottery party resisted the renewal strenuously, but the Bill
was passed by the legislature. The United States Government,
however, forbade the Lottery Company the use of the mails, and
the company withdrew its offer. In 1898 a new constitution was
adopted, which superseded that of 1879. Under it the number
of representatives in the House may not be more than 116 nor
less than 98 ; and the number of senators not more than 41 nor
less than 36. The General Assembly meets every two years on the
second Monday of May, and the sessions are limited to sixty
days. The governor is elected for four years, and is not again
eligible before the expiration of one or more terms. The treasurer
is not eligible as his own immediate successor. The judiciary
consists of a supreme court of five members appointed for twelve
years ; of courts of appeal, district courts, and justices of the
peace. In New Orleans, besides the courts of appeal and the
district courts (civil and criminal), there are city courts and
recorder’s courts. Lotteries and sales of lottery tickets are pro¬
hibited. The leasing or hiring of convicts was prohibited after
1st March 1901. A railway commission of three members is
established. The establishment of district schools and district
school districts is authorized. No person less than sixty shall
vote at any election who shall not have paid a poll-tax for the
two preceding years. A code of criminal law ordered by the
Constitution has been prepared. A State Board of Charities and
Correction has been established to visit institutions and make such
suggestions to the governor and legislature as may be necessary.
Upon questions submitted to taxpayers women taxpayers have
the right to vote, without registration, in person or by their
agent. Factories and mines are encouraged by exemption from
taxation for ten years from 1st January 1900. As a qualification
for voting every citizen must be able to read and write, or must
be bond fide owner of property assessed in the state for not less
than $300. This practically disfranchises the negro, and relieves
the state from the unfortunate results of the fifteenth amend¬
ment to the National Constitution. An exception is made with
regard to the educational or property qualifications in favour of
persons who were voters in any state on 1st January 1867, in
favour of their sons and grandsons, and of persons who were
naturalized prior to 1st January 1898 ; provided they shall have
been residents of the state for five years preceding the date of
registration, and shall have registered prior to 1st September
1898. The Australian ballot system is in operation. In 1900 the
election for state officers resulted in an overwhelming majority
for the Democratic party. An important wrhite Republican party
was subsequently formed. (a. Fo.)
Louisiana, a city of Pike county, Missouri, U.S.A.,
on the west bank of the Mississippi river, below the mouth
of the Salt river, in the eastern part of the state, at an alti¬
tude of 458 feet. Its site is on the river banks, and it has
a fairly regular plan. It is entered by the Chicago, Burling¬
ton and Quincy, and the Chicago and Alton Railways.
Population (1880), 4325; (1890), 5090; (1900), 5131.
A — L O U T H
Louisville, the largest and most important city of
Kentucky, U.S.A., capital of Jefferson county, in the
northern part of the state, on the south bank of the
Ohio river at the Falls. The city is regularly laid
out, with broad streets, most of which are paved with
granite blocks, bricks, cobble-stones, or macadam. It is
openly built, with numerous parks, and has a good water
supply and sewer system. Three bridges connect it with
Jeffersonville and New Albany, on the north bank of the
Ohio. The railway development has been remarkable.
It is entered by ten railways—the Baltimore and Ohio
South-Western; the Chesapeake and Ohio; the Chicago,
Indianapolis and Louisville; the Cleveland, Cincinnati,
Chicago and St Louis; the Illinois Central; the Louis¬
ville and Nashville; the Louisville, Evansville and St
Louis Consolidated ; the Louisville, Henderson and St
Louis; the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St Louis;
and the Southern. These, with boats on the Ohio, afford
excellent facilities for internal commerce, and give the city
a large trade. The manufactures, aided by the enormous
water-power supplied by the falls in the Ohio, are of great
importance. In 1900 the number of establishments wras
2307, with a capital of $49,344,701, and an average
number of 29,926 hands, whose annual wages amounted to
$10,945,720. The cost of materials used was $41,016,391,
and the value of products was $79,286,390. The products
were in great variety, the following being the principal:—
men’s clothing (factory product and custom work),
$4,710,447 ; foundry and machine-shop products,
$3,233,222; leather, $3,114,731; liquors, $4,691,167;
cotton-seed oil and cake, $4,683,343 ; slaughtering
(wholesale), $4,771,608; tobacco, cigars, and snuff,
$15,790,366. The total assessed valuation of real and
personal property in 1900, on a basis of about 60 per cent,
of the full value, was $121,000,000, the net debt wras
$7,755,071, and the rate of taxation $22'65 per $1000.
The total municipal receipts were $4,785,744, and the
expenditure $4,459,970. In March 1890 the city was
visited by a tornado, which swept across it, killing 76
persons and destroying $3,000,000 worth of property.
Population (1890), 161,129; (1900), 204,731, of whom
21,437 were foreign-born and 39,139 were negroes.
Louie, a town of Portugal, in the district of Faro,
10 miles north-north-west of Faro. It has a trade in palms,
agaves, and esparto grass, and manufactures porcelain and
leather. Population (1900), 22,511.
Lourdes, a town, arrondissement of Argeles, depart¬
ment of Hautes-Pyrenees, France, 11 miles, in direct line,
west-south-west of Tarbes, on the railway from Toulouse to
Bayonne. It is a fortified place of the second class, com¬
manding the defile Gave de Pau. A new quarter of the
town has grown up near the famous grotto. It stretches
for some distance, and comprises the Church of the Rosary,
built in 1885-89, a hospital, convents, hotels, and houses
for the accommodation of the numerous visitors resorting
to the shrine, said to exceed in number 500,000 a year.
Population (1881), 4970; (1901), 8708.
Louth, a municipal borough and market-town in the
Louth parliamentary division of Lincolnshire, England,
on the Lud, 26 miles east-north-east of Lincoln by rail.
A hospital has been erected, also a number of almshouses.
The Roman Catholic church has been restored. Area of
municipal borough, 2749 acres. Population (1881), 10,691;
(1891), 10,040; (1901), 9518.
Louth, a maritime county of Ireland, province of
Leinster.
Population.—The area of the administrative county in 1900 was
202,174 acres, of which 82,394 were tillage, 89,398 pasture, 190
fallow, 4524 plantation, 1138 turf bog, 1219 marsh, 12,924 barren