New volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica > Volume 30, K-MOR

360 L O N D O N D E R R Y —L O N G ISLAND CITY
between 50 and 100, 1459 ; between 100 and 200, 426 ; between 200
and 500, 124 ; and above 500, 32—total, 17,019. The number of
loans issued (the number of loans being the same as the number of
tenants) under the Land Purchase Acts, 1885, 1891, and 1896, up
to 31st March 1901 was 5319, amounting to £1,282,266. The
number of loans for agricultural improvements sanctioned under
sec. 31 of the Land Act, 1881, between 1882 and 1901, was 147,
and the amount issued £10,815. The total amount issued on loan
for all classes of works under the Land Improvement Acts from
the commencement of operations in 1847 to 31st March 1901 was
£75,157.
Fisheries. —In the deep-sea and coast fishery districts of Moville
(co. Donegal) 211 boats were registered in 1900, employing 891
hands. In the salmon fishery district of Coleraine, on the river Bann,
784 persons were employed in the same year. (w. H. Po.)
Londonderry, a maritime city, county and par¬
liamentary borough, (returning one member), on the river
Foyle, 144 miles north-north-west of Dublin. It is an ex¬
tensive railway centre, being served by the Great Northern,
the Belfast and Northern Counties, and the Londonderry,
Letterkenny, and Lough Swilly Bailways, all of which are
in direct connexion with the harbour. The Protestant
cathedral was enlarged and restored in 1887, and has now
a length of 140 feet, exclusive of the tower and vestibule.
Shirt-making is the chief industry, and it is estimated
that £500,000 is annually expended in wages. The
harbour, which is under the jurisdiction of the Irish
Society, has now a depth of 33 feet of water at high tide
and 12 feet at low tide. The number of vessels registered
in the port in 1900 was 22 of 10,323 tons. In the same
year the total number of vessels that entered was 1554 of
297,352 tons; 928 of 185,959 tons cleared. The total
foreign and colonial imports, which included 1,102,300
cwts. of maize, amounted to £329,932. There are
valuable salmon fisheries on the Foyle, which in 1900
employed 891 persons. In 1898 Londonderry was
constituted one of the six county boroughs which have
separate county councils. Population (1881), 29,162 ;
(1891), 33,200; (1901), 39,873. The rateable value in
1900 was £99,887.
Long Branch, a city of Monmouth county, New
Jersey, U.S.A. It is on the east coast, a short distance
south of New York Bay, and is reached by lines of the
Pennsylvania and the Central of New' Jersey Railways,
and, in the summer, by steamboats from New York. It
is a very popular seaside resort. The city lies back from
the edge of a cliff, 25 to 30 feet high, at the foot of which
extends a magnificent beach five miles in length. Most
of the city is built on Ocean Avenue, which follows the
edge of the cliff and forms a drive five miles long. The
city contains many fine private residences, several large
hotels, and multitudes of boarding-houses. Population
(1880), 3833; (1890), 7231 ; (1900), 8872, of whom
1431 were foreign-born and 987 were negroes.
Longford, an inland county of Ireland, province
of Leinster.
Population.—The area of the administrative county in 1900 was
257,770 acres, of which 62,953 were tillage, 140,427 pasture, 129
fallow, 3595 plantation, 30,642 turf bog, 4842 marsh, 1511 barren
mountain, 13,671 water, roads, fences, &c. The new administra¬
tive county under the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, is
identical with the old judicial county. The population in 1881
was 61,009; in 1891, 52,647 ; and in 1901, 46,581, of whom
23,765 were males and 22,816 females, divided as follows among
the different religions: — Roman Catholics, 42,669; Protestant
Episcopalians, 3406 ; Presbyterians, 251 ; Methodists, 194 ; and
other denominations, 61. The decrease of population between
1881 and 1891 was 13‘70 per cent., and between 1891 and 1901,
11‘5. The average number of persons to an acre in 1891 was 0-20,
and of the total population, 48,820 inhabited the rural districts,
being an average of 155 persons to each square mile under crops
and pasture. The following table shows the degree of education
in 1891;—
Read and write
Read only
Illiterate
Males.
16,938
3,192
4,110
Females.
15,991
3,586
3,962
Total.
32,929
6,778
8,072
Percentage.
R. C. Pr.Bp. iPresb. Meth,
67-0
15-0
18-0
89-0 i 92-7
5'4 ; 1-9
5'6 5-4
96-3
1‘6
21
The percentage of illiterates among Roman Catholics in 1881 was
24'8. In 1891 there were 4 superior schools, with 92 pupils
(all Roman Catholics), and 117 primary schools, with 7597 pupils
(Roman Catholics, 6805, and Protestants, 792). The number of
pupils on the rolls of National schools on 31st December 1900 was
7941, of whom 7198 were Roman Catholics and 743 Protestants.
The following table gives the number of births, deaths, and
marriages in the years specified :—
Year.
Births.
Deaths.
Marriages.
1881
1891
1900
1734
1065
929
1050
811
963
270
193
186
In 1900 the birth-rate per 1000 was 19'9, and the death-rate 20'7;
the rate of illegitimacy was '3 per cent, of the total births. The
total number of emigrants who left the county between 1st May
1851 and 31st December 1900 was 56,305, of whom 28,597 were
males and 27,708 females. The chief towns in the county, with
their populations in 1901, were Longford, 3733 ; Granard, 1700.
Administration.—The county is divided into two parliamentary
divisions, North and South, the number of registered electors in
1901 being respectively 5043 and 5311. The rateable value in
1900 was £153,098. By the Local Government (Ireland) Act,
1898, the fiscal and administrative duties of the grand jury were
transferred to a county council, urban and rural district councils
were established, and irnder that Act the county now comprises
two urban and three rural sanitary districts.
Agriculture.—The following tables show the acreage under
crops, including meadow and clover, and the amount of live stock,
in 1881, 1891, 1895, and 1900
Year.
1SS1
1801
1895
1900
Wheat.
307
397.
164
271
Oats.
Barley,
Rape,
Beans,
«&c.
469
308
208
126
13,102
11,782
10,449
9,818
2621
2666
2105
1840
Other
Green
Crops.
1688
2171
1670
2051
eS o
O
37,899
39,236
37,582
38,450
Total.
74,756
70,718
64,783
62,954
In 1900 the total value of the cereal and other crops was esti¬
mated at £390,288, the smallest amount of any Irish county. The
number of acres under pasture in 1881 was 125,830; in 1891,
130,866 ; and in 1900, 140,427.
Year.
1881
1891
1895
1900
Horses
and
Mules.
7526
8843
8904
8039
Asses.
3066
3668
3854
4198
Cattle.
51,557
63,189
58,404
66,225
Sheep.
24,140
38,380
27,068
31,621
Pigs.
17,900
22,660
21,371
22,781
Goats.
7978
9679
7890
8010
Poultry.
232,324
251,395
272,355
309,478
The number of milch cows in 1891 was 17,580, and in 1900,
17,024. It is estimated that the total value of cattle, sheep, and
pigs for 1900 was £917,502. In 1900 the number of holdings not
exceeding 1 acre was 1172; between 1 and 5, 857 ; between
5 and 15, 2464 ; between 15 and 30, 2676 ; between 30 and
50, 1185 ; between 50 and 100, 588 ; between 100 and 200, 186 ;
between 200 and 500, 72 ; and above 500, 7—total, 9207. The
number of loans issued (the number of loans being the same
as the number of tenants) under the Land Purchase Acts, 1885,
1891, and 1896, up to 31st March 1901, was 1873, amounting
to £416,903. The number of loans for agricultural improve¬
ments sanctioned under section 31 of the Land Act, 1881, between
1882 and 1901, was 334, and the amount issued was £25,133. The
total amount issued on loan for all classes of works under the
Land Improvement Acts from the commencement of operations in
1847 to 31st March 1901 was £184,151. (w. H. Po.)
Long: Island City, formerly a city of New York
state, U.S.A., capital of Queens county, now a part
of the borough of Queens, one of the five boroughs which
compose the city of New York. It is near the western
end of Long Island, in the south-eastern part of the state.
It was incorporated in the city of New York, 1st January
1898, and constitutes the first ward in Queens borough.
With a water front of ten miles on East River and