New volumes of the Encyclopædia Britannica > Volume 30, K-MOR

192
LEITMERITZ — LEITRIM
India. With the completion of the Edinburgh Dock in
1881, the dock accommodation of the port had reached
nearly 43 acres, with ample quayage adjoining. The
steady increase of the shipping trade, and the larger
tonnage of steamers trading with the Baltic, the United
States, and the British colonies, made it incumbent on
the Dock Commission to anticipate in good time the
varied requirements of the port. It has been found
practicable to make substantial reductions in the rates
or port dues from time to time, and for this reason
the dock revenues are an' inexact index of the progress
of the port. An additional dock was projected in 1890,
involving the reclamation from the sea on the east side
of the piers of 75 acres of the beach. The cost of
the new works, including the construction of two addi¬
tional graving docks, is expected to be close upon one
million sterling. New works by the Leith Dock Com¬
mission have also been carried out at Newhaven, the well-
known fishing village. On ground reclaimed from the sea
a commodious fish market has been erected, and it is
intended to carry the existing pier seawards into deep
water, so that trawler steamers may have quay conveni¬
ences at any state of the tide. The value of fish landed
at Newhaven and sold for the most part by auction in
the early morning exceeds <£40,000 yearly. The tonnage
of the port of Leith in 1881 consisted of 189 vessels of
86,509 tons gross; in 1899 it was 207 vessels of 193,749
tons gross. The number and tonnage of vessels entering
and leaving the port with cargoes and in ballast during
the year ending 15th May 1881 was 8797 vessels of
1,946,052 tons. For the year ending at same date in
1899 the figures were 12,676 vessels of 3,743,140 tons.
The customs revenue collected at the port in 1881 was
£479,805, and in 1900, £1,096,438. The dock rates on
shipping for the year to 15th May 1899 yielded £30,066;
on imported goods, £35,840; and on exported goods,
£15,709; total, £81,615. The Dock Commission had
also a revenue from graving docks, cranes, rails, bridges,
ballast, rents, feus, &c., amounting to £27,860. In 1900
the imports amounted to £12,931,781, and the exports
to £5,297,990. Population (1881), 59,485; (1891),
68,707; (1901), 76,667.
Leitmeritz, an episcopal see and chief town of a
district of the same name in Bohemia, Austria. Steam
navigation on the Elbe begins at this town, which has an
important transit trade, as well as in the products (corn,
fruits, hops, and wines) of an exceptionally fertile agri¬
cultural district. The principal industries are brewing
and the manufacture of malt, leather, tiles, straw hats, and
flour. Population (1890), 11,342; (1900), 13,075.
LeitomiSChl, the chief town of a government dis¬
trict, Bohemia, Austria, on the right bank of the Louchna,
near the Moravian frontier. It has a Kenaissance chateau
of the 16th century, and the oldest Piarist college in
Bohemia. Its manufactures include linen, cloth, sugar,
shoes, pianos, flour, and beer, and it has a trade in corn
and flax as well as in those products. Population (1900),
8075, chiefly Czech.
Leitriiriy a maritime county of Ireland, province of
Connaught.
Population.—The area of the administrative county in 1900 was
376,510acres, ofwhich 76,879 were tillage, 216,457 pasture, 44 fallow,
3074 plantation, 20,488 turf-bog, 4070 marsh, 30,159 barren moun¬
tain, and 25,339 water, roads, fences, &c. The new administra¬
tive county, under the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, is
identical with the old judicial county. The population in 1881
was 90,372, and in 1891, 78,618, of whom 39,715 were males and
38,903 females, divided as follows among the different religions
Roman Catholics, 71,098 ; Protestant Episcopalians, 6447 ; Presby¬
terians, 246 ; Methodists, 784 ; and other denominations, 43. The
decrease of population between 1881 and 1891 was 13-00 p r cent
The average number of persons to an acre was -20, and 172 to
each square mile under crops and pasture. The population in 1901
was 69,201 (Roman Catholics, 62,604 ; Protestant Episcopalians
5668 ; Presbyterians, 224 ; Methodists, 685 ; others, 20), being a
decrease of 12-0 per cent. The following table gives the degree of
education in 1891 :—
Read and write
Read only
Illiterate
Males.
25,829
3,946
5,835
Females.
24,262
4,862
5,736
Total.
50,091
8,808
11,571
Percentage.
It.C. Pr.Ep. Presb. Meth.
69-4 86-1 89-4 93‘5
13-0 7-8 6-9 4-6
17-6 61 3-7 1-9
The percentage of illiterates among Roman Catholics in 1881 was
24-1. In 1891 there were 3 superior schools with 67 pupils (Roman
Catholics 55, and Protestants 12), and 193 primary schools with
13,570 pupils (Roman Catholics 12,145, and Protestants 1425). The
number of pupils on the rolls of the National schools on 31st
December 1900 was 14,153, of whom 12,747 were Roman Catholics
and 1406 Protestants.
The following table gives the number of births, deaths, and
marriages in various years :—
Year.
1881
1891
1900
Births.
1951
1776
1397
Deaths.
1084
1194
1668
Marriages.
245
302
275
In 1900 the birth-rate per 1000 was 20‘2, and the death-rate 15-4 ;
the rate of illegitimacy was -5 per cent, of the total births. The
total number of emigrants who left the county between 1st May
1851 and 31st December 1900 was 74,250, of whom 36,788 were
males and 37,462 females. The only towns in the county which
in 1891 had populations of over 1000 were Carrick-on-Shannon
(1177) and Manor Hamilton (1061).
Administration.—The county is divided into two parliamentary
divisions, North and South, the number of registered electors in
1901 being respectively 6561 and 7181. The rateable value in
1900 was £137,953, the smallest amount of any Irish county. By
the Local Government (Ireland) Act, 1898, the fiscal and adminis¬
trative duties of the grand jury were transferred to a county
council, urban and rural district councils were established, and
under that Act the county now comprises 5 rural sanitary districts.
Agriculture.—The following tables give the acreage under crops,
including meadow and clover, and the amount of live stock in 1881,
1891, 1895, and 1900
1S81
1891
1895
1900
306
37
7
13
13,750
11,687
10,214
8,254
Ph
369
• 530
422
389
19,323
16,302
14,801
13,441
943
1490
1304
OOo
1668
2376
1871
2041
3°
o
46,338
50,113
52,485
51,862
82,697
82,535
81,104
76,879
For 1900 the total value of the cereal and other crops w7as estimated
at £496,762. The number of acres under pasture in 1881 was
208,644, in 1891, 209,711, and in 1900, 216,457.
Year.
1881
1891
1895
1900
Horses
and
Mules.
4191
4910
4985
4319
Asses.
7984
9042
9050
9825
Cattle.
84,914
95,769
91,956
93,210
Sheep.
11,347
20,037
17,882
17,521
Pigs.
19,302
27,321
27,335
25,854
Goats.
6228
9407
9672
9315
Poultry.
311,920
344,922
373,105
423,322
The number of milch cows in 1891 was 37,092, and in 1900
36,116. It is estimated that the total value of cattle, sheep, and
pigs for 1900 was £1,243,741. In 1900 the number of holdings not
exceeding 1 acre was 803 ; between 1 and 5, 883 ; between 5 and 15,
5154 ; betw-een 15 and 30, 5229 ; between 30 and 50, 1817 ; between
50 and 100, 669 ; between 100 and 200, 163 ; between 200 and 500,
44 ; and above 500, 6 ; total, 14,768. The number of loans issued
(the number of loans being the same as the number of tenants)
under the Land Purchase Acts, 1885, 1891, and 1896, up to 31st
March 1901, was 1649, amounting to £254,614. The number of
loans for agricultural improvements, sanctioned under sec. 31 of
the Land Act, 1881, between 1882 and 1901, was 625, and the
amount issued was £35,084. The total amount issued on loan for
all classes of works, under the Land Improvement Acts, from the
commencement of operations in 1847 to 31st March 1901, was
£76,506. p0 j