Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 6, CHI-Crystallization

c R I [ 758 ] C R I
( rimsa lulls on the Tea (bore; where there is a fine rope, which is faftened thereto for the purcofe of Cringle
Cringle. 'iar^0.11^ anc^ perhaps the only one on the Black fea, drawing up the fail to its yard, or of extending the if
—V——/ containing ample ^ room for a very good fleet; Inker- ficirts by the means of bridles^ to ftand upon a fide wind., €rit^um-
man may be noticed for its commodious though not The word feems to be daived from krinckelen (Belg.) ’ v ^
very large haven, called Achtiar; and Mangup, the old “ to run into twills.1’
Cherfonefus : which were all formerly very fiourithing CRINUM, Asphodel-lily j a genus of plants be-
tow’ns j but are now either in ruins, or dwindled into longing to the hexandria clafs ; aod^in the natural me-
f'malt villages. thod ranking under the 9th order, Spalhaccce. See Be-
All thefe places, fo long- as the Genoefe remained tany Index.
mailers of _th« Crim, were well fortified j but the Tar- CRISIS, in Medicine, is ufed in different fenfes, both
tars, in taking them, demolilhed all the works. While by the ancient and modern phyficians. With fome it
1 hey were under the 1 urks, they left the fortreffes of means frequently no more than the excretion of any
Kefla, Kertfch, and Koflof, and built the fort Arabat noxious fubftance from the body. Others take the
on the neck of land between the fca of Azof (or Palus word for a fecretion of the noxious humours made in a
Maeotis) and the Rotten fea, where Perekop alfo is. fever. Others ufe it-for the critical motion itfelf; and
^ In Arabat are but few houfes ; but here the warlike Galen defines a crifis in fevers, a fudden and infiantane-
fiores of the khans were kept.—Pereiop, called by the ous change, either for the better or the w’orfe, produc-
I urks Or-capi, is a fortrefs of moderate lirength ; tive of recovery or death.
(landing about the middle of the neck of land that CRISPIN and Crispianus, two legendary faints,
joms the peninfula with the continent. This ifthmus, whole feftival, as maiked in the kalendar, is on the
which is at lea ft fix miles broad, is cut through wdth a 25th of Odober. According to the legend, they
wide and deep ditch lined with ftone, add reaches from were brethren, born at Rome ; from whence they tra-
the Black to the Rotten fea. This was formerly kept veiled to Soiffons in France, about the year ,303, to
without water, but ncwr is filled from both feas. On propagate the Chriftian religion 5 and becaufe they
the Crimean fide a high wall of earth runs the whole would not be chargeable to others for their mainte-
length of it, ftraight from one fea to the other. The nance, they exeiciled the trade of ftioeniakers: but the
people pafs over the ditch by means of a drawbridge, governor of the town difeovering them to be Cbriftians,
and through the wall by a gateway The walls of the ordered them to be beheaded. From which time,
fortrefs are fome fathoms from the road fide , of which the Ihoemakers made choice of them for their tutelar
the ruins are only now difcernible, namely, large brick faints.
houfes, with a number of homb-ftielJs and cannon-balls CRISTAi, in Surgery, a term for certain excref-
about them, which were formerly kept in the fortrefs. cences about the anus and pudenda. See Medicine
At leaft two miles from this is a pretty populous but Index.
miserable place, which wTas ^probably the town to which CRISTA caili, in Anatomy, an eminence in the
■ ;.is fort belonged. Near the gate is a cuftomhoufe, middle of the os ethmoides, advancing within the cavi-
where all imports and exports pay duty. ty of the cranium ; and to which is faftened that part
I his peninfula wras formerly extremely populous ; the of the dura mater which divides the brain, called falx.
number of its inhabitants, in lartars, lurks, Greeks, It has its name from its figure, which refembles that
Armenians, Jews, and others, amounted to above of a cock’s comb. In adults, this procefs appears of a
2co,coo men. Since that, however, the greateft part piece with the feptum narium. See Anatomy Index.
of the Chriftians have betaken themfelves to the other CRITERION, or Criterium, a ftandard by which
parts of the Ruffian empire, particularly the govern- propofitions and opinions are compared, in order to dif-
ment of Azof j and many other inhabitants, particularly cover their truth or falfehood.
lartars, have gone to I aman and Abchafia ; fo that CRITHE, in Surgery, commonly called thefve, is
the prefent population of the Crim cannot now be rec- a fort of tubercle that grows on the eyelids. When
koned at more than 70,000 men at moft. Imall, it is feated on the edge of the eyelid} but when
i he Crim was heretofore divided into 24 kaduliks Erge, it fpreads further. When they do not fuppu-
or difirifts; namely, Yenikali, Kertfch, Arabat, Ef- rate they become wens. They are apt to difappear
ki-krmi, Keffa, Karafubafar, Sudak, Achmetfched, and return. If there is inflammation, endeavour to fup-
\ alof, Bachtfchifarai, Balaklava, Mangup, Inkerman, purate it with the white bread poultice : if it is hard,
Koflof, Or, Manfur, larkan, Sivafch, Tifchongar, deftroy it with a mixture of equal parts of hog’s lard
Sarubulat, Barun, Argun, Sidfchugut, and Schirin. 2nd quickfilver. If the lower eyelid is affefled, the iu-
Several of thefe diftrifls are named after the town inor is more frequently on its infide; and then it is beft
or village wherein the murza, their governor, dwells j to diffefl it, or to make wray for it outwrardly by apply-
and many of them are at pieient in a ftate of total de- ing a caufiic on the Ikin juft upon it.
cay. CRII HUM, Samphire ; a genus of plants belong-
CRIMEN falsi. See Fjlsi Crimen. ing to the pentandria clafs; and in the natural method
CRIMSON, one of the feven red colours of the ranking under the 45th order, Umbe/latce. See Bota-
oyers. See Dyeing. ny Index.—Its leaves are an excellent pickle u!ed for
CRINGLE, a fmall hole made in the bolt-rope of fauces, and are by many eaten raw in falads. It is of
a'fail, by i-ntertwifting one of the divifions of a rope, a laltilh relifh, palatable, and comfortable to the fto-
called a frond, alternately round itfelf and through mach. It is not very eafily preferved in gardens. It
\\\e frauds of the bolt-rope, till it becomes threefold, muft be fown on gravelly or rocky ground, half an inch
and affumes the ftiape of a wreath or ring. The ufe deep ; in w'hich ifituation the plants will come up, and
of the cringle is generally to contain the end of fome laft fome years.
CRITHOMANCY,