Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 6, CHI-Crystallization

COL [ 264 ] COL
"College, fo me times under the denomination of a priory, fome-
Y times under that of a fpital or hofpital : at its diflolu-
tion under 31ft Henry VIII. it was called Elfon's S/>i-
tnlt from the name of its founder, a mercer, in 1329.
At prefent it is a compofition of both, viz. a college
for the clergy of London, who were incorporated in
1630, in purfuance to the will of Dr White, under
the name of the Prejtdcnt and Fel/olus of Sion College ;
and an hofpital for ten poor men and as many wo¬
men. The officers of the corporation are the preir-
dent, two deans, and four affittants, who are annually
chdfen from among the reftors and vicars of London ;
and are fubjedl to the vifitation of the biihop. They
have a good library, built and flocked by Mr Simpfun,
-and furniffied by feveral other benefaftors, chiefly for
the clergy of the city, without excluding other ftudents
on certain terms j and a hall, with chambers for ftu¬
dents, generally occupied by the minifters of the
neighbouring pariffies.
Gref mm COLLEGE, or COLLEGE of Philofophy ; a
college founded by Sir Thomas Grefham, and endowed
with the revenue of the Royal Exchange. One moiety
of this endowment the founder bequeathed to the
mayor and aldermen of London and their fucceflors,
in truft, that they fhould find four able perfons to read
within the college, divinity, geometry, aftronomy, and
mufic ; who are chofen by a committee of the common
council, confiding of the lord mayor, three aldermen,
and eight commoners, and allowed each, befides lodg-
ing, 50I. per annum. The other moiety he left to
the company of mercers, to find three more able per¬
fons, ehofen by a committee of that company, confift-
ing of the mafter and three wardens, during their of¬
fice, and eight of the court of affiftants, to read law,
phyfic, and rhetoric, on the fame terms j with this li¬
mitation, that the feveral lefturers ffiould read in term-
time, every day in the week, except Sundays j in the
morning in Latin, in the afternoon the fame in Eng-
lifh j but that in mufic to be read only in Englifh.
By 8th Geo. III. cap. 32. the building appropriated
to this college was taken down, and the excife office
erefted in its room. Each of the profeflors is allowed
50I. per annum, in lieu of the apartments, &c. relin-
quilhed by them in the college, and is permitted to
marry, notwithftanding the reftriftion of Sir Thomas
Grefliam’s will. The le&ures are now read in a room
over the Royal Exchange and the city and mercer’s
company are required to provide a proper place for this
purpofe.
In this college formerly met the Royal Society, that
noble academy, inftituted by King Charles II. and ce¬
lebrated throughout the world for their improvements
in natural knowledge. See their hiftory and policy
under Society.
College de Propaganda Fide, was founded at Rome
in 1622 by Gregory XV. and enriched with ample re¬
venues. It confifts of thirteen cardinals, two priefts,
and a fecretary ; and was defigned for the propagation
and maintenance of the Romilh religion in all parts of
the world. The funds of this college have been very
confiderably augmented by Urban VIII. and many
private donations. Miffionaries are fupplied by this
inftitution, together with a variety of books fuited to
their feveral appointments. Seminaries for their in-
ftrudtion are fupported by it, and a number of charita- Collet
ble eftablifirments connected with and conducive to the ||
main objedl of its inftitution. Collegiate.
Another college of the fame denomination was efta-*-
bliftied by Urban VIII. in 1627, in conftquence of the
liberality of John Baptift Viles, a Spaniih nobleman.
This is fet apart for the inftrudtion of thofe who are
defigned for the foreign miffions. It was at firft com¬
mitted to the care of three canons of the patriarchal
churches; but ever fince the year 1641 it is under the
fame government with the former inftitution.
COLLEGE of Heralds, commonly called the Herald's
Office; a corporation founded by charter of King
Richard III. who granted them feveral privileges, as
to be free from fubfidies, tolls, offices, &c. They had
a fecond charter from King Henry VI. ; and a houfe
built near Doctors Commons, by the earl of Derby, in
the reign of King Henry VII. was given them by the
duke of Norfolk, in the reign of Queen Mary, which
houfe is now rebuilt.
This college is fubordinate to the earl marlhal of
England. They are affiftants to him in his court of
chivalry, ufually held in the common hall of the col-
lege, where they fit in their rich coats of his majef-
ty’s arms. See Herald.
College of Heralds in Scotland, confifts of Lyon
king at arms, fix heralds, and fix purfuivants, and a
number of meffengers. See Lyon.
COLLEGIANS, Collegiani, Collegiants, a
religious fedt formed among the Arminians and Ana-
baptifts in Holland, about the beginning of the feven-
teenth century ; fo called becaufe of their colleges, or
meetings, twice every week, where every one, females
excepted, has the fame liberty of expounding the
Scripture, praying, &c. They are faid to be all ei¬
ther Arians or Socinians; they never communicate in
the college, but meet twice a-year from all parts of
Holland at Rhinffiergh, whence they are alfo called
Rhinfberghers, a village two miles from Leyden, where
they communicate together ; admitting every one that
prefents himfelf, profeffing his faith in the divinity of
the Holy Scriptures, and refolution to live fuitably to
their precepts and dodlrines, without regard to his fed!
or opinion. They have no particular minifters, but
each officiates as he is difpufed. They never baptize
without dipping.
COLLEGIikTE, or Collegial, churches, are
tbofe which have no bifhop’s fee, yet have the ancient
retinue of the bifhop, the canons and prebends. Such
are Weftminfter, Rippon, Windfor, Stc. governed by
deans and chapters.
Of thefe collegiate churches there are two kinds ;
fome of royal, and others of ecclefiaftical foundation ;
each of them, in matters of divine fervice, regulated
in the fame manner as the cathedrals. There are
even fome collegiate churches that have the epifcopal
rights. Some of thefe churches were anciently abbeys,
which in time were fecularized. The church of St
Peter’s, Weftminfter, was anciently a cathedral ; but
the revenues of the monaftery being by aft of parlia¬
ment, I Elizabeth, veiled in the dean and chapter,
it commenced a collegiate church. In feveral caufes
the ftyling it cathedral, inftead of collegiate church of
Weftminfter, has occafioned error in the pleadings.
COLLET,