Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 6, CHI-Crystallization

c I P [I
r. that, then, thus, with, when, from, here, fame, mojl, none,
m~ they, them, whom, mine, your,felf, muji, will, have, been,
were, four, five, nine, &e.
10. The moft ufaal words of five letters, are, their,
theje, thofe, which, where, while, fince, there, Jhall, might,
Could, would, ought, three, feven, eight, &c.
11. Words of two or more fyllables frequently begin
with double confonants, or with a prepofition ; that is,
a vowel joined with one or more confonants. The moft
common double confonants are bl, br, dr, f,fr, gl, gr,
ph, pi, pr,Jh,Jb,fp,Jl, th, tr, wh, wr, &c. and the moft
common prepofitions are com, con, de, dis, ex, im, in,
int, mis, per, pre, pro, re,fub,fup, un, &c.
12. The double confonants molt frequent at the end
of long words, are ck, Id, If mn, nd, ng, rl, rm, rn, rp,
rt, frn, f, xt, &c. and the moft common terminations
are ed, en, er, es, et, ing, ly,fon,fion, lion, able, ence, ent,
ment,full, lefs, nefs, &c.
On Plate CXLIV, in Vol. V. fig, hj. is given an
example of a cipher wrote in arbitrary chara&ers as is
commonly praftifed. It will be eafily deciphered by
obferving the rules : but when the characters are all
placed clofe together, as in the example fig. 8. and as
they always fhould be, the deciphering is much more
difficult.
To decipher a writing of this fort, you muft firft
look for thofe characters that moft frequently occur,
and fet them down for vowels as before. Then ob-
ferve the fimilar characters that come together ; but
you muft remember that two fuch characters may
here belong to two words. You are next to remember
the combinations of two or three characters that are
moft frequent *, which will be fume of the words in
the feventh and eighth of the foregoing rules; and by
obferving the other rules, you will infallibly difcover,
with time and attention, any cipher wrote on thefe
principles.
When the words are wrote all clofe together, if
the key to the cipher were to be changed every word,
according to a regular method agreed on between the
parties, as might be done by either of the methods
mentioned in N° II. below, with very little additional
trouble, the writing would then be extremely difficult
to decipher. The longer any letter written in cipher
is, the more eafy it is to decipher, as then the repe¬
titions of the characters and combinations are the more
frequent.
_ The following are the contents of the two foregoing
ciphers, in which we have inverted the order of the
ivords and letters, that they who are defirous of trying
their talent at deciphering, mav not, inadvertently,
read the explanation before the cipher.
enil eno ton dna shtnom elohw eerht, suoidifrep
dna leurc o noituac & ecnedurp fo klat Uivv uoy : on,
rotiart, tcelgen & ecnereffidni si ti. yltrohs rettel a em
dnes ot snaem emof dnif'rehtie, traeh eht morf semoc
ti taht ees em tel &, erom ecaf ym ees ot erab reven ro.
evlewt fo ruoh eht ta thgin siht, ledatic eht fo etag
eht erofeb elbmeffa lliw sdneirf ruo 11a. ruoh eht ot
laufcnup eb : deraperp Hew emoc dna, ytrebil ruoy
niager ot, ylevarb eid ro. thgin eht si siht, su sekam
rehtie taht, etiuq su seodnu ro.
59 1 C I P
vioufly agree in what manner the cards fhall be firft: cipher.
placed, and then how they {hall be ffiuffled. Thus fup- y—J
pofe the cards are to be firft placed in the order as here¬
after follows, and then (huffled by taking off 3 from the
top, putting the next 2 over them, and the following 3
under them *, and fo alternately. Therefore the par-* By flmf-
ty who fends the cipher firft writes the contents of itflinS the
on a feparate paper, and then copies the firft 32 letterscar<ls,n th‘3
on the cards, by writing one letter on every card ; he [herew’ill
then fhuffles them in the manner defcribed, and writes remain on-
the fecond 32 letters : he ffiuffles them a fecond time,1)' 2 t0 Put
and Avrites the third 32 letters, and fo of the reft. An}111'*61 at
example will make this plain. Suppofe the letter to be aft*
as follows.
I am in full march to relieve you ; within' three days
I Jhall be with you. If the ene\my in the mean time
Jhould make an a[]iiu\lt, remember what you owe to your
countr\y, to your family, and yourfelf Live with ho\nour,
or die with glory.
Order of the cards before
the 1 ft ftiuffle.
i a d u y i
a l e u l
m l m 0 i u
1 s u m l
n h l e 0
Ace fpades
Ten diamonds
Eight hearts
King fpades
Nine clubs
Seven diamonds f b m r i
Nine diamonds u a a c t n
Ace clubs l w k r y i
Knave hearts l s e e a e
Seven fpades mi a r m w
Ten clubs a i t h e r
Ten hearts r r h 0 f
Queen fpades c h e e i
Eight diamonds h a h y w
Eight clubs t y 0 o 0 l
Seven hearts 0 y a o h 0
Queen clubs r o n u y h
Nine fpades e u i y f y
King hearts / e l e u 0
Queen diamonds i d s 0 e
Eight fpades e i n w s 0
Knave clubs v f a n t g
Seven clubs e t s l y
Ace hearts y r e b r
Nine hearts 0 l n w o t
Ace diamonds u h s t is3 d
Knave fpades w l m a l
Ten fpades i e y t r r
King diamonds t t 1 b u r
Queen hearts h h m m u
King clubs i n a t h
Knave diamnods n e u r a
Contrivances for communicating intelligence by Cipher.
I. By means of a pack of cards. The parties muft pre-
The perfon that receives thefe cards firft places them
in the order agreed on, and tranfcribes the firft letter
on every card. He then ffiuffles them, according to
order, and tranfcribes the fecond letter on each card.
He ffluffles them a fecond time, and tranfcribes the
third letter, and fo of the reft.
If the cards were to be ffiuffled the fecond time by
threes and fours, the third time by twos'and tours, &c.
it would make the cipher ftill more difficult to dilco-
ver: