Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 6, CHI-Crystallization

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Cineas rhus king of Epirus. He was fent to Rome by kis
II mafter to fue for a peace, which he, however, could
Cinnabar. no^ 0btajn> pje told Pyrrhus that the Roman fenate
' "¥ was a venerable affembly of kings •, and obferved, that
to fight with them was to fight againit another Hy¬
dra. He was of fuch a retentive memory, that the day
after his arrival at Rome he could call every fenator and
knight by his name.
• C1NERITIOUS, an appellation given to different
fubftances, on account of their refembling alhes either
in colour or confidence *, hence it is that the cortical
part of the brain has fometimes got this epithet.
CINNA, L. Corn, a Roman who oppreffed the
republic with his cruelties. He was banifhed by Oc¬
tavius for attempting to make the fugitive Haves free.
He joined himfelf with Marius, and with him at the
head of the Haves he defeated his enemies and made
himfelf conful even to a fourth time. He maffacred fo
many citizens at Rome, that his name became odious,
and one of his officers aflaflinated him at Ancona, as he
was preparing war againft Sylla.
ClNNA, C. Helvius, a poet intimate with Csefar.
He went to attend the obfequies of Caefar, and being
miftaken by the populace for the other Cinna, he was
torn to pieces.— Alfo a grandfon of Pompey’s. He
confpired againft Auguftus, who pardoned him, and
made him one of his moft intimate friends. He was
conful A. U. C. 758, and made Auguftus his heir.
CINNABAR, in Natural Hi/iory, is either native or
factitious.
The native cinnabar is an ore of quickfilver, mode¬
rately compaCt, very heavy, and of an elegant ftriated
red colour. See Mineralogy Index.
FaSiitious cinnabar is a mixture of mercury and ful-
phur fublimed, and thus reduced into a fine red glebe.
The beft is of a high colour, and full of fibres like
needles. See CHEMISTRY Index.
The chief ufe of cinnabar is for painting. Although
the body is eompofed of fulphur, which is of a light
colour, and mercury, which is white as filver, it is ne-
verthelefs of an exceeding ftrong red colour. Lumps
of it are of a deep brown red without brilliancy $
but when the too great intenfity of its colour is di-
minifhed by bruifing and dividing it into fmall parts,
(which is a method generally ufed to Itffm the in¬
tenfity of all colours), the red of the cinnabar be¬
comes more and more exalted, flame-coloured, and ex¬
ceedingly vivid and brilliant $ in this ftate it is called
vermilion.
Cinnabar is often employed as an internal medicine.
Hoffman greatly recommends it as a fedative and an-
tifpafmodic, and Stahl makes it an ingredient in his
temperant powder. Other intelligent phyficians deny
that cinnabar taken internally has any medicinal qua¬
lity. Their opinion is grounded on the infolubility of
this fubftance in any raenftruum. This queftion con¬
cerning its internal utility cannot be decided without
further refearches and experiments ; but cinnabar is
certainly ufed with fuccefs to procure a mercurial fu¬
migation, when that method of cure is proper in vene¬
real difeafes. For this purpofe it is burnt in an open
fire on red-hot coals, by which the mercury is difenga-
ged and forms vapours, which, being applied to the
body of the deceafed perfon, penetrate through the
57 3 c I N
pores of the fkin, and produce effcfts fimilar to thofe of Cinnabar
mercury adminiftered by fridlion. ||
CINNAMON, the bark of two fpecies of laurus. ^n<lue"
The true cinnamon is from the laurus cinnamomum $ . * r
and the bafe cinnamon, which is often fold for the
true, is from the laurus caflia. See Laurus, Botany
Index.
ClNNAMON-Water, is made by diftilling the bark
firft infufed in alcohol, brandy, or white-wine.
Clove CINNAMON, is the bark of a tree growing in
B.azil, which is often fubftituted for real cloves.
White CINNAMON, called alfo Winter's bark, is the
bark of a tree frequent in the ifles of St Domingo,-
Guadaloupe, &c. of a fharp biting tafte like pepper.
Some ufe it inftead of nutmeg j and in medicine it is
efteemed a ftomachic and antifcorbutic. See Ca*^
NElla.
CINNAMUS, a Greek hiftorian, wrote a hiftory
of the eaftern empire during the reigns of John and
Manuel Commenes, from in8 to 1143. ftyl« is
reckoned the beft of the modern Greek authors. He
died after 11 83.
CINNERETH, Cinereth, Chinnereth, (Mofes) *
or Gennefareth, in Ancient Geography, a lake of the
Lower Galilee, called the Sea of Galilee, (Matthew) ;
of Tiberius, (John). Its name Gennefareth is from a
fmall cognominal diftrict upon it. In breadth 40 fla-
dia, in length 140. The water frefti and fit to drink,
and abounding in filh.
CINQUEFOIL, in Botany. See Potentilla.
CINQUE-Ports, five havens that lie on the eaft
part of England, towards France j thus called by way
of eminence on account of their fuperior importance,
as having been thought by our kings to merit a parti¬
cular regard for their prefervation againft invalion.
Hence they have a particular policy, and are governed
by a keeper with the title of Lord-warden of the
Cinque-ports.
Camden tells us, that William the Conqueror firft
appointed a warden of the Cinque-ports; but King
John firft granted them their privileges, and that up¬
on condition they ftiould provide 80 ftiips at their
own charge for 40 days, as often as the king Ihould
have occafion in the wars, he being then ftraitened for
a navy to recover Normandy.
The five ports are Haftings, Romney, Hythe,
Dover, and Sandwich.—Thorn tells us, that Ha¬
ftings provided 21 velfels, and in each vefiel 21 men.
To this port belong Seaford, Pevenfey, Hedney, Win-
chelfea, Rye, Hamine, Wakefbourn, Creneth, and
Forthclipe.—Romney provided five ftiips, and in each
24 men. To this belonged Bromhal, Lyde, Ofwar-
ftone, Dangemares, and Romenhal.—Hythe furnilhed
feven fhips, and in each 21 feamen. To this belongs
Weftmeath.—Dover the fame number as Haftings. To
this belongs Folkfton, Feverfham, and Marge.—Laft-
ly, Sandwich furniftied the fame with Hythe. To
this belong Fordiwic, Reculver, Serre, and Deal.
The privileges granted to them in confequence of
thefe fervices were very great. Amongft others, they
were each of them to fend two barons to reprefent
them in parliament; their deputies were to bear the
canopy over the king’s head at the time of his coro¬
nation, and to dine at the uppermoft table in the
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