Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 5, BUR-CHI

CHI - F 790 1 CHI
Clucane judiciary proceeding, tending to delay the caufe, to
.. II. puzzle the judge, or impofe upon the parties.
, llcult05'i Chicane, in the fchools, is applied to vain fo-
phifms, diftinftions, and fubtleties, which protraft dif-
putes, and obfcure the truth.
CHICHESTER, the capital city of the county of
Suflfex, was built by Cilia, the fecond king of the
South Saxons, and by him called CiJJan Ccejier. It is
furrounded with a wall, which has four gates anfiver-
ing to the four cardinal points j from which run two
ftreets, that crofs one another in the middle and form
a fquare, where the market is kept, and where there
is a fine ftone piazza built by Bilhop Read. I he fpace
between the weft and fouth gates is taken up with the
cathedral church and the bilhop’s palace. It has five
parifh-churches j and is feated on the little river La-
vant, which wafhes it on all fides except the north.
This city would have been in a much more flourifiiing
condition if it had been built by the fea-fide 5 how¬
ever, the inhabitants have endeavoured to fupply this
defied! in fome meafure, by cutting a canal from the
city down to the bay. The principal manufactures
of the town are malt and needles. The market of Chi-
chefter is noted for filh, wheat, barley, malt and oats 5
the fineft lobfters in England are bred in the Lavant;
and it is obfervable, that this river, unlike moft others,
is very low in winter, but in fummer often overflow's
its banks. Chichefter is a city and county of itfelf j
it is governed by a mayor, recorder, aldermen, com¬
mon-council without limitation, and four juftices of
the peace chofen out of the aldermen } and it fends
two members to parliament. It is a biftiop’s fee.
The cathedral church was anciently dedicated to St
Peter. It was new built by Radulph, the twenty-fifth
bifliop ; but being deftroyed by fire, it was again
built by Seftridus II. the twenty-ninth bifhop. This
fee hath yielded to the church two faints, and to the
nation three lord chancellors, two almoners, and one
chancellor to the univerfity of Oxford. Anciently
the bilhops of Chichefter were confeflbrs to the queens
of England. This diocefe contains the whole of the
county of Suffex (excepting 22 parilhes, peculiars of
the archbilhop of Canterbury), wherein are 250 pa-
rillies, w hereof 112 are impfopriated. It hath two
archdeacons, viz. of Chichefter and Lewes j is valued
in the king’s books at 667I. is. 3d. and is computed
to be worth annually 2600I. The tenths of the
whole clergy are 287I. 2s. o-jR. To the cathedral be¬
long a bilhop, a dean, two archdeacons, a treafurer,
a chancellor, thirty-two prebendaries, a chanter, tw elve
vicars-choral, and other officers. W. Long. 50. N.
Lat. 50. 50.
CHICK, or Chicken, in Zoology, denotes the
young of the gallinaceous order of birds, efpecially
the common hen. See Phasianus, Ornithology
Index.
CmCK-Wei’d, See Alsine, Botany Index.
Chicken-Pox. See Medicine Index.
CHICKLING-pea, a name given to the Lathy-
rus. See Botany Index.
CHICUITOS, a province of South America, in the
government of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The chief
riches confift of honey and Avax $ and the original in¬
habitants are very voluptuous, yet very warlike. They
maintained bloody wars with the Spaniards till 1690 }
fince w'hich, fome of them have become Chriftians. It Chitwltos
is bounded by La Plata on the north-eaft, and by Chili „ . Jl .
on the Avelt. >
CHIDLEY, or Chimley, a market-town of De-
vonffiire, fituated in W. Long. 4. o. N. Lat. J1* 0<
CPIIEF, a term fignifying the head or principal
part of a thing or perfon. T bus we fay, the chiei of
a party, the chief of a family, &c. The Avord is form¬
ed of the French clef, “ head j” of the Greek
caput, “ head j” though Menage derives it from the
Italian capo, formed of the Latin, caput.
CHIEF, in Heraldry, is that Avhich takes up all the
upper part of the efcutcheon from fide to fide, and re-
prefents a man’s head. In chief, imports fomething
borne in the chief part or top of the efcutcheon.
CHIEFTAIN, denotes the captain or chief of any
clafs, family, or body of men. Thus the chieftains
or chiefs of the Highland clans, Avere the principal
noblemen or gentlemen of their refpedtive clans. See
Clans.
CHIELEFA, a ftrong town of Turkey in Europe,
in the Morea. It was taken by the Venetians in 1685 j
but after that the Turks retook it, with all the Mo¬
rea. E. Long. 22. 21. N. Lat. 26. 50.
CHIGI, Fabio, or Pope Alexander VII. was
born at Sienna in 1599. His family finding him a
hopeful youth, fent him early to Rome, where he foon
engaged in a friendffiip Avith the marquis Pallavicini,
Avho recommended him fo efteftually to Pope Urban
VIII. that he procured him the poll of inquifitor at
Malta. He was fent vice-legate to Ferrara, and af-
terAvard nuncio into Germany : there he had an op¬
portunity of difplaying his intriguing genius j for he
was mediator at Munfter, in the long conference held
to conclude a peace Avith Spain. Cardinal Mazarin
had fome refentment againft Chigi, Avho Avas foon af¬
ter made a cardinal and fecretary of ftate by Inno¬
cent X. but his refentment Avas facrificed to political,
vieAvs. In 1665, Avhen a pope Avas to be chofen, Car¬
dinal Sacchetti, Mazarin’s great friend, finding it Avas
impoffible for him to be raifed into St Peter’s chair,
becaufe of the powerful oppofition made by the Spa-
nifti fadtion, defired Cardinal Mazarin to confent to
Chigi’s exaltation. His requeft Avas granted, and he
Avas eledted pope by the votes of all the 64 cardinals
who w'ere in the conclaA'e: an unanimity of Avhich
there are but feAv inftances in the eledtion of popes.
He flioAved uncommon humility at his eledtion, and at
firft forbade all his relations to come to Rome Avith-
out his leave j but he foon became more favourable t©
his nepheAVS, and loaded them Avith favours. It is ai-
ferted that he had once a mind to turn Proteftant.
The newfpapers in Holland beftoAved great encomi¬
ums upon him j and acquainted the world that he
did not approve of the cruel perfecutions of the Wal-
denfes in Piedmont. There is a volume of his poems
extant. He loved the Belles-Lettres, and the conver-
fation of learned men. He Avas extremely fond of
ftately buildings : the grand plan of the college Bella
Sapien%a, Avhich he finiffied, and adorned with a fine
library, remains a proof of his tafle in architedture.
He died in 1667.
CHILBLAIN {pernio), in Medicine, a tumor af¬
fecting the feet and hands j accompanied with an in¬
flammation, pains, and fometimes an ulcer or folution
of