Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 5, BUR-CHI

c A R C 191 ] CAR
Car|) times be thrown into carp-ponds, to help to fatten the
II fiih. To make them grow large and fat, the growth
of gras under the water Ihould by all means poflible
be encouraged. For this purpofe, as the water de-
creafes in the fummer, the Tides of the pond left naked
and dry ihould be well raked with an iron rake, to de-
ftroy all the weeds, and cut up the furface of the
earth j hay-feed Ihould then be fown plentifully in
thefe places 5 and more ground prepared in the fame
manner, as the water falls more and more away. Ey
this means there will be a fine and plentiful growth of
young grafs along the lides of the pond to the water’s
edge 5 and when the rains fill up the pond again, this
will be all buried under the water, and will make a
feeding-place for the fifli where they will come early
in the morning, and will fatten greatly upon what they
find there.
CARFAXES, or Alpes Bastarnic^e, in Ancient
Geography, a range of mountains, running out between
Poland, Hungary, and Tranfylvania. Now called the
Carpathian Mountains.
C ARP AT HI UM MARE, (Horace, Ovid) 3 the
fea that walhes the ifland Carpathus.
CAliPATHUS, an ifiand on the coal!: of Afia, two
hundred ftadia in compafs, and an hundred in length.
Its name is faid to be from its fituation on the coalt of
Caria. It Res between Rhodes and Crete, in the fea
which, from this ifland, is called the Carpathian fea,
and has to the north the Ionian, to the fouth the
Egyptian, to the w^eft the Cretan and African feas.
It is tw’o hundred furlongs in compafs, and a hundred
in length. It had anciently, according to Strabo, four
cities 3 according to Scylax, only three. Ptolemy
mentions but one, which he calls Pofidium. This
ifland is now called Scarpanto.
CARPiEA, a kind of dance anciently in ufe among
the Athenians and Magnelians, performed by two
perfons, the one acting a labourer, the other a robber.
The labourer, laying by his arms, goes to ploughing
and fowing, Hill looking warily about him as if afraid
of being furprifed : the robber at length appears 3 and
the labourer, quitting his plough, betakes himfelf to
his arms, and fights in defence of his oxen. The
whole was performed to the found of flutes, and in
Cadence. Sometimes the robber was overcome and
fometimes the labourer ; the vidlor’s reward being the
oxen and plough. The defign of the exercife was to
teach and aecuftom the peafants to defend themfelves
againfl: the attacks of ruffians.
CARPENTER, a perfon who praflifes Carpen¬
try. The word is formed from the French char pen-
tier, which lignifies the fame, formed of charpente,
which denotes timber 3 or rather from the Latin car-
pentanus, a make* of carpenia, or carriages.
CARPENTER of a Ship, an officer appointed to exa¬
mine and keep in order the frame of a fhip, together
with her malls, yards, boats, and all other wooden
machinery. It is his duty in particular* to keep the
Ihip tight ; for which purpofe he ought frequently to
review the decks and fides, and to caulk them when it
is neceflary. In the time of battle, he is to examine
up and down, with all poffible attention, in the lower
apartments of the Ihip, to Hop any holes that may
have been made by Ihot, with wooden plugs provided
feveral lizes,.
CARPENTRAS, an epifeopal town of France, in Carpentras
the department oi Vauclufe, and capital of Venaiflin. , H .
It is fubjebt to the pope 3 and is feated on the river ' ^iJ'‘ .
Aufon, at the foot of a mountain. E. Long. 5. 6.
N. Lat. 44. 4.
CARPENTRY, the art of cutting, framing, and
joining large pieces of wood, for the nies of building.
It is one of the arts fubfervient to architecture, and is
divided into houfe-carpentry and fnip-carpentry : the
firit is employed in railing, roofing, flooring of houfes,
Stc. and the fecond in the building of Ihips f, barges,! See SL/p*
&e. The rules in carpentry are much the fame with
thoie of Joinery 3 the only difference is, that carpen¬
try is uled in the larger and coaxfer work, and joinery
in the fmaller and curious. See Centre, Roof, and
Strength of Materials.
CARPENEUM, '\w Antiquity, a name common to
divers forts of vehicles, anfwering to coaches as well
as waggons, or even carts, among us. The carpentum
was originally a kind of car or vehicle in which the
Roman ladies were carried 3 though in after times it
w'as alio ufed in war. Some derive the word from
carro; others from Carmenta the mother of Evander,
by a converlion of the m into p.
CARPET, a fort of covering of Huff, or other ma¬
terials, wrought with the needle or on a loom, which
is part of the furniture of a houfe, and commonly
fpread over tables, or laid on the floor.
Perfian and Turkey carpets are thofe molt elteem-
ed ; though at Paris there is a manufaftory after the
manner of Perfia, where they make them little inferior,
not to fay finer, than the true Perfian carpets. They
are velvety, and perfectly imitate the carpets which
come from the Levant. There are alfo carpets of
Germany, fome of which are made of woollen fluffs,
as ferges, &e. and called fquare carpets: others are
made of wool alfo, but wrought with the needle, and
pretty often embellilhed with filk 3 and, laftly, there
are fome made of dogs hair. We have likewife car¬
pets made in Britain, which are ufed either as floor-
carpets, or to cover chairs, &c. It is true, we are not
arrived at the like perfection in this manufacture with
our neighbours the French 3 but may not this be owing
to the want of a like public encouragement ?
CARPET-Knights, a denomination given to gown-men
and others, of peaceable profeffions, who, on account
of their birth, office, or merits to the public, or the
like, are, by the prince, railed to the dignity of knight¬
hood.
They take the appellation frfryw, becaufe they ufual-
ly receive their honours from the king’s hands in the
court, kneeling on a carpet. By which they are di-
Itinguilhed from knights created in the camp, or field
of battle, on account of their military prowefs. Car-
pet-knights poffefs a medium between thofe called
truck or dunghill knights, who only purchafe or mi rit
the honour by their wealth, and knights-bathekrs, who
are created for their fervices in the war..
CARPI, a principality of Modena in Italy, lying
about four leagues from that city. It formerly be¬
longed to the houfe of Pio 3 the elder fons of which
bore the title of Piinces of St Gregory. In the be¬
ginning of the 14th century, Manfroy was the firft
prince of Carpi 3 but in the 16th, the emperor Charles V.
gave the principality to Alfonzo duke of Ferrara. ,
This-'