Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 19, Scripture-SUG

S H I P-B U
application Set off the centres of the mafts on the gun-deck *,
the fore- t]ieJr rake may likewife be taken from the dimenfions.
^ Set off alfo the centre of the bowfprit, letting it be
I r^ion of four feet from the deck at the after part of the item,
| Ships, which will give fufficient height for a light and airy fi-
Draw the knight-heads fo as to be fufficiently high
above the bowfprit to admit of a chock between them
for the better fecurity of the bowfprit. The timber
heads may alfo be drawn above the forecaftle, obferving
to place the moft convenient for the timbers of the frame,
being thofe which come over the upper deck ports, as
they may be allowed long enough to form handfome
heads. There ihould be one placed abaft the cat-head,
to which the foremoit block is to be bolted, and there
may be two ports on the forecaftle formed by them,
and placed where it is moft convenient to the dead
eyes.
Defcribe the channels, taking their lengths and
thickneffes from the dimenfions, and place their upper
edges well with the lower edge of the lheer rail. The
dead eyes may then be drawn, obferving to place them
in fuch a manner that the chains may not interfere with
the ports •, and the preventer plates muft all be placed
on the channel wales, letting them be of fuch a length
that the preventer bolt at each end may bolt on each
edge of the channel wales. It muft alfo be obferved to
give each of the chains and preventer plates a proper
rake, that is, to let them lie in the direftion of the
ftirouds, which may be done in the following manner :
Produce the malt upwards, upon which fet off the
length of the maft to the lower part of the head ; thefe
ftraight lines drawn from that point through the centre
of each dead eye will give the direftion of the chains
and preventer braces.
The fenders may be then drawn, obferving to place
them right abreaft of the main hatchway, in order to
prevent the (hip’s fide from being hurt by whatever
may be hoifted on board. The proper place for them
will therefore be at timber 3 •, and the diftance between
them may be regulated by the diftance between the
ports. The cheft tree may alfo be drawn, which muft
be placed at a proper diftance abaft the foremaft, for
the conveniency of hauling home the fore tack. It
may therefore be drawn at the aft fide of timber C
from the top of the fide down to the upper edge of the
channel wales •, and the fenders may reach from the top
of the fide down to the upper edge of the main wales.
As the fenders and cheft-tree are on the outfide of the
planks, wales, &c. the lines reprefenting the wales, &c.
ihould not be drawn through them.
Draw the fteps on the fide, which muft: be at the fore
part of the main drift or break, making them as long
as the diftance between the upper and lower deck ports
will admit of. They may be about fix inches afunder,
and five inches deep, and continued from the top of the
fide down to the middle of the main wales.
In order to defcribe the head, the height of the beak-
' head muft be firft determined, which may be about two
feet above the upper deck. At that place draw a hori¬
zontal line, upon which fet off the length of the beak-
head, which may be 7- feet abaft the fore part of the
ftem, and from thence fquare a line up to the fore¬
caftle deck ; which line will reprefent the aft part of the
beak-head, and will likewife terminate the foremoft end
l
I L D I N G.
269
of the forecaftle. The length of the head may now be Application
determined, which by the proportions will be found to
be 15 feet fix inches from the fore part of the ftem. Set tt^e Con_
it off from the fore part of the ftem, and eredt a per- ftrudion of
pendieular, which will be the utmoft limits of the figure Ships,
forward : then take the breadth of the figure from the ' ~ <
proportions, which is four feet four inches, and fet it oft'
forward j and another perpendicular being drawn will
(how the utmoft extent of the hair bracket forward, or
aft part of the figure. Then draw the lower cheek, let¬
ting the upper edge be well with the upper edge of the
main wales, and the after end ranging well with the
beak-head line ; fet oft' the depth of it on the ftem ;
which is about 11 inches, and let a curved line pafs
from the alter end through the point on the ftem, and
to break in fair with the perpendicular firft drawn for
the length of the head, the fore part of the curve will
then reprefent the pofition of the figure.
The upper cheek may next be drawn } but, in order
to know the exadt place of it on the ftem, the place of
the main rail muft firft be fet off on the ftem, the upper
edge of which may be kept on a level with the beak-
head ; then fetting off the depth of it below that, the
place for the upper cheek may be determined, letting
it be exadtly in the middle between that and the lower
cheek : then, by drawing curves for the upper and
lower edges of the cheek from the after end parallel to
the lower cheek, to break in fair with the perpendicular
drawn for the back of the figure : then the upper cheek
will be formed. The upper part may run in a ferpen-
tine as high as ■where the (houlder of the figure is fuppo-
fed to come, at which place it may be turned off with
a fcroll. The diftance from the fcroll to the heel of the
figure is called the hair-bracket.
The head of the block may be formed by continuing
the line at the bread round to the top of the hair-brac¬
ket, obferving to keep the top of it about fix inches'
clear of the under fide of the bowfprit.
Having the diftance fet off on the ftem for placing the
main rail, it may next be deferibed, keeping the bag of
it as level as poffible for the conveniency of the gratings,
and letting the foremoft end rife gradually according to
the rife of the upper cheek and hair bracket, and may
turn off on the round of the fcroll before drawn for the
hair-bracket. To form the after end, fet off the fize
of the head of the rail abaft the beak-head line, and
eredt a perpendicular •, then defcribe the arch of a circle
from that perpendicular, to break in fair with the lower
fide of the rail in the middle, and alfo another from the
beak-head perpendicular, to break in fair with the upper
fide of the rail at the middle, obferving to continue the
head of it fufficiently high to range with the timber
heads above the forecaftle.
The head timbers are next to be drawn, placing the
ftem timber its own thicknefs abaft the ftem,and the fore¬
moft muft be fo placed that the fore fide may be up and
down with the heel of the block or figure, which has not
yet been fet off. Take therefore the diftanee from the
bread to the heel on a fejuare which is feven feet, and
eredt a perpendicular from the lower part of the lower
cheek to the lower part of the upper cheek ; which per¬
pendicular will terminate the foremoft end of the lower
cheek and the heel of the figure, and will alfo termi¬
nate the lower end of the hair-bracket: then, by conti¬
nuing the fame perpendicular from the upper part of