Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 13, MAT-MIC

i66
MEDICINE.
fevers more dlitinct and manifeft, and gives a fairer op¬
portunity of throwing in the bark 5 for in the proper
exhibition of this medicine we are to place our chief
hope of curing both the nervous and putrid malignant
fevers.
Pra&icc.
Rogers, EiTay on Epidemic Typhus.
II. Typhus gravior, or the putrid, peJHlential, or ma¬
lign nut Fever. Sp. I. var. 2.
Febris pellilens, P. Sal. Diver/, de febre pefti-
lenti.
Febris peftilens iEgyptiorum, Alpm. de med. JF.-
gypt. 1. i. cap. 14.
Typhus ./Egyptiacus, Sauv. fp. 6.
Febris peltilens maligna, Sennert. de febribus, L iv.
cap. 10.
Febris maligna peftilens, River, 1. xvii. feft. iii.
pap. 1.
Febris peftilens maligna, ann. 1643, Willis, de fe¬
bribus, cap. 14.
Typhus carcerum, Sauv. fp. 1.
Febris nautica peftilentialis, Huxham de acre ad ann.
I740, •
Miliaris nautica, Sauv. fp. g.
Febris putrida contagiofa in carceribus genita, Hux¬
ham de acre ad ann. 1742.
Miliaris purpurata, Sauv. fp. h.
Febris carcerum et nofocomiorum. Pringle, Difeafes
of the army, p. 294. Van Swieten, Maladies des
armes, p. 136.
Typhus caftrenfis, Sauv. fp. 5.
'Febris caftrenfis, quam vulgb cephalalgiam epidemi-
cam vocant, Hear. Mali et A. Ph. Koph. Difl".
apud Hallerum, tom. v.
Febris Hungarica five caftrenfis, Juncker, 74. et plu-
num auBorum.
Febris caftrenfis Gallorum in Bohemia, ann. 1 742j
Scrinci. Diff. apud Haller, tom. v.
Febris petechialis, Sennert. 1. iv. cap. 13. River.
prax. 1. xvii. fe£l. iii. cap. 1. Hoffm. ii. p. 84.
Juncker, 73. Huxham on fevers, chap. 8. Lud¬
wig. Inft. med. clin. N* 146. Schreiber von er-
kentnefs, und cur der Krank heiten, p. 126.
Monro, Difeafes of military hofpitals, p. 1.
Febris catarrhalis maligna petechizans, Juncker, 72.
Hoffm. ii. 75. Filer de cogn. et cur. morb.
feft. vi.
Febris quae lenticulas, pun&icula, aut peticulas
vocant, Fracajlorius de morb. contag. lib. ii.
cap. 6.
Febris peticularis Tridenti, ann. 1591. Roboretus de
febr. peticul.
Febris petechialis epidemica Coloniae, ann. 1672.
Donckers, Idia febris petechialis.
Febris petechialis epidemica Pofonii, 1683, C. F.
Loeu in App. ad. A. N. C. vol. ii.
Febris petechialis epidemica Mutinae, 1692. Ra-
ma%Kini. Conft. Mutinenfis, oper. p. 177.
Febris maligna petechizans, ann. 1698. Hojffm. ii.
p. 80.
Febris petechialis Wratiflavise, ann. 1699.
Ephem. Germ. D. III. A. VII. et VIII. obf.
132. p. 616.
Febris epidemica Lipfise, 1718. M. Adolph. A.
N. C. III. obf. 131. p. 296.
Febris endemica et epidemica Corcagienfis, ann.
FurJle-
et feq.
Hafe.
Ludu-
1708, 1718, et feq.
difeafes.
Febris continua epidemica Corcagienfis, ann. 1719.
et feq. M. O'Connel, Obf. de morbis.
Febris petechialis epidemica Cremonae, 1734. Val-
carenghi Med. ration, feci. 3.
Febris petechizans Petropoli, 1735. Weitbrecht.
Diff. apud Halier, tom. v.
Febris petechialis, ann. 1740, 1741, in Haftia.
Ritter. A. N. C. vol. vii. obf. 4.
Febris maligna petechialis Rintelli, 1741.
nau, A. N. C. vol. vii. obf. 5.
Febris petechialis epidemica Silefiae, 1741,
Bandhor/. Diff. apud Haller, tom. v.
Febris petechialis epidemica Viennse, 1757.
nohrl. Hill. med. cap. 2.
Febris petechialis epidemica Lipfiae, 1757-
vig. Adverfar. tom. i. pars 1.
Febris petechialis epidemica variis Germanice locis
ab ann. 1735 ad 1761. Struck de morbo cum
petechiis.
Defcnption. This difeafe has been fuppofed to differ
from the former in degree only $ and there are many
circumftances which would lead us to conclude, that
both frequently originate from a contagion precifely of
the fame nature. In the fame manner we fee, during
different feafons, and in different circumftances, vari¬
ous degrees of malignity in fmallpox. Though every
inftance of the difeafe depends on the introduction of
a peculiar and fpecific contagion into the body, yet
this contagion in particular epidemics evidently pof-
feffes peculiar malignancy. The fame is probably the
cafe with the typhoid fever : But whether this obfer-
vation be well founded or not, there cannot be a doubt
that the typhus gravior or putrid fever is a difeafe.
of the moil dangerous nature, as, befides the extreme
debility of the nervous fyftem, there is a rapid ten¬
dency of the fluids to putrefaClion, which fometimes
cuts off the patient in a few days, nay, in the warm
climates, in 12 or 14 hours j or if the patient recovers,
he is for a long time, even in this country, in an ex¬
ceedingly weak ftate, and requires many weeks to reco¬
ver his former health.
The putrid fevers, according to Huxham, make
their attack with much more violence than the flow
nervous ones 9 the rigors are fometimes very great,
though fometimes fcarce felt ; the heats much fharper
and permanent ; yet, at firrt, fudden, tranfient, and re¬
mittent : the pulfe more tenfe and hard, but common¬
ly quick and fmall; though fometimes flow, and feem-
ingly regular for a time, and then fluttering and une¬
qual. The headach, naufea, and vomiting, are much
more confiderable even from the beginning. Some¬
times a fevere fixed pain is felt in one or both temples,
or over one or both eyebrows *, frequently in the bot¬
tom of the orbits of the eyes. The eyes always appear
very dull, heavy, fometimes yellowifti, and very often
a little inflamed. The countenance feems bloated,
and more dead-coloured than ufual. Commonly the
temporal arteries throb much, and a tinnitus aurium is
very troublefome: a ftrong vibration alfo of the caro¬
tid arteries frequently takes place in the advance of the
fever, though the pulfe at the wrift may be fmall, nay
even flow : this is a certain fign of an impending deli-