Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 15, NIC-PAR

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aidoc, as soon as lie is arrived at the low post, the dog-house
derborn, door is thrown open, and the dogs slipped. If now the
““‘V""—' deer swerve so much, as that his head is judged nearer
the dog-house than the ditch before he arrive at the
pinching-post, it is no match, and must be run over
again three days after : but if the deer runs straight
beyond the pinching post, then that dog which is
nearest when he swerves, or is blanched by any acci¬
dent, wins the match $ but if no such swerve happens,
then the match is won by the dog who first leaps the
ditch.
PADERBORN, a duchy of Germany in the circle
of Westphalia, has the county of Lippe on the north
and west j Hesse-Cassel and Waldeck,on the south; and
.Munster, with the duchy of Westphalia on the west. Its
greatest length from east to west is about 40 miles, and
its breadth where widest 30. Some parts of it yield
good pasture, and breed abundance of cattle; but it is
not very fruitful in corn. There is a heath called the
Senne or Sende, of great extent, but very barren and
desolate. There are, however, good iron mines in the
country, with salt and medicinal springs, plenty of deer
and other game ; and it is watered with several rivers
abounding with fish, as the Weser, the Dimer, the Bi-
ver, the Nette, the great Emmer, the Lippe, the Alme,
and the Pader. It contains 54 parishes, in which are
25 market towns and 16 monasteries. The Roman Ca¬
tholic is the predominant religion of the country, yet
there are also many Protestants in it. The bishopric
was erected by Charlemagne, towards the close of the
eighth century, and the cathedral was consecrated by
Pop.e Leo in person, anno 796. The bishop was sovereign
of the country, a prince of the empire, and suffragan of
the archbishop of Mentz. His revenue ivas about 30,000
pounds a-year, and he was able to raise 3000 men. In
the matricula his assessment is 18 horse and 34 foot, or
.352 florins monthly in lieu of them. Towards the
charges of the sovereign courts of the empire, he paid
for each term 162 rix-dollars and 29 kruitzers. The
chapter consisted of 24 capitular canons, who must prove
their noble extraction by four descents. At the settling
of the indemnities in 1802 this bishopric was secularised
and given to Prussia. It was afterwards annexed to
the kingdom of Westphalia, but was restored to Prussia
in 1814. It is reckoned to contain 76,000 inhabitants.
It was in this bishopric that Quintilius Varus, with the
Roman army under his command, was routed by the
Germans under Arminius.
Paderborn, the capital of the above bishopric. It
stands 40 miles north-west of Cassel, 50 south-east of
Munster, and 60 south-west of Hanovey ; being a large,
populous, well built, and well fortified city. Its name
is compounded of padei', a rivulet, which rises just under
the high altar of the cathedral, and lorn, i. e. a spring.
It was one of the Hanse-towns; and, till 1604, at) im¬
perial city. The cathedral is a grand fabric, inferior
to few in the empire. There is a gold crucifix in it of
60 pounds weight, presented by Otho II. The univer¬
sity, of which the Jesuits have the direction, was found¬
ed in 1592, and the walls wmre built in the beginning
of tjie I tth century. In 1530 at) attempt was made to
introduce Lutheranism ; but 16 of the principal citi¬
zens who had embraced it rvere executed, and the rest
obliged to abjure it. Duke Christian of Brunswick car-
Paduano.
ried off from hence, in 1692, the silver images of the paderbom
twelve apostles, and the silver coffin of St Lotharios ;
and had them coined into money, with this inscription,
God's Friend, the Priest's EnctJiy. The trade of this
town, though formerly great, is now inconsiderable ; and
the inhabitants subsist mostly by agriculture and breed¬
ing of cattle. Though the bishop had a palace in the
city, he resided at Neuhaus, seven miles off, where he
had a magnificent castle. Charlemagne and other em¬
perors sometimes resided here, and held diets of the
empire. Paderborn contains about 12,000 inhabitants.
PADOGI, a punishment used in Russia. The body
of the criminal is stripped to the waist, and then laid
upon the ground ; one slave holds the head of the person
to be punished between his knees, and another the lower
part of the body ; then rods are applied to the back till
some person gives notice to desist, by crying out, enough.
This punishment is considered in Russia merely as a cor¬
rection of the police, exercised on the soldier by military
discipline, by the nobility on their servants, and by per¬
sons in authority over all such as are under their com¬
mand. After the accession of Elizabeth to the throne
of Russia, the punishments were reduced to two kinds,
viz. the padogi and Knout.
PADUA, an ancient, large, and celebrated city of
Italy, with a university and a bishop’s see. It is also
capital of the Paduano ; but is much less considerable
than it was formerly : for it now contains no more than
30,000 inhabitants, whereas it formerly had 100,000,
and many of the houses are gone to ruin. The cathe¬
dral church, and the college of the university, are in
that part called the Old Town ; and there are piazzas
under all the houses, where persons may wralk without
being exposed to the weather. The garden of the uni¬
versity is curious, on account of the number of plants.
Here a student may take his degrees, let him be of
what sect of Christianity he will; nay, though he should
be a Jew or a Turk. The patron of this city is St An¬
thony, who lies in the cathedral; they have such a ve¬
neration for him, that the beggars do not ask charity
in the name of God, but for the love of St Anthony.
The Jews live in a distinct part of the city ; and the
neighbouring mountains produce excellent wine and oil,
with delicious fruit. It was taken by the Venetians in
1706, and now belongs to Austria. It is seated on the
rivers Brentac and Bachiglionc, in a fine plain, and is
about seven miles in eircumference. E. Long. 11. 55.
N. Lat. 45. 24.
PADUAN, among medalists, a modern medal struck
in imitation of the antique, or a new medal struck with
all the marks and characters of antiquity. This name
is properly applicable to those medals only that were
struck in the seventh century by an Italian painter born
at Padua ; who succeeded so well in the imposture, that
the best judges are at a loss to distinguish his medals
from the genuine ones. Though it is frequently used
in general for all medals of this kind.
PADUANO, a small province of Italy, in the Aus¬
tro-Venetian territories, bounded on the east by the
Dogado, on the south by the Polesino di Rovigo, on the
west by the Veronese, and on the north by the Vicenti-
no. Its soil is well watered, and is one of the most fer¬
tile in Italy. The province is about 40 miles in length,
and 35 in breadth. Padua is the capital town.
4 I 2 PADUS,