Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 8, ELE-FOR

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' Folkes.
Foliating lows; Take five ounces of quickfilver, and one ounce of
bifmuth 5 of lead and tin, half an ounce each : firft put
^ the lead and tin into fufion, then put in the bifmuth ;
and when you perceive that in fufion too, let it ftand
till it is almoft cold, and pour the quickfilver into it:
after this, take the glafs globe, which muft be very
clean, and the infide free from dull: make a paper fun¬
nel, which put into the hole of the globe, as near the
glafs as you can, fo that the amalgam, when you pour
it in, may not fplafh and caufe the glafs to be full of
ipots; pour it in gently, and mdve it about, fo that the
amalgam may touch everywhere : if you find the amal¬
gam begin to be curdly and fixed, then hold it over a
gentle fire, and it will eafily flow again 3 and if you find
the amalgam too thin, add a little more lead, tin, and
bifmuth to it. I he finer and clearer your globe is, the
better will the looking-glafs be.
Dr Shaw obferves, that this operation has coofider-
able advantages, as being performed in the cold ; and
that it is not attended with the danger of poifonous
fumes from arfenic, or other unwholefome matters ufu-
ally employed for this purpofe : befides, how far it is
applicable to the more commodious foliating of the com¬
mon looking-glafles and other fpeculums, he thinks,
may deferve to be confidered.
FOLIO, in merchants books, denotes a page, or ra¬
ther both the right and left hand pages, thefe being ex-
prefled by the fame figure, and correfponding to each
•other. See BooK-KEEPiNG.
Folio, among printers and bookfellers, the largefl
form of books, when each ftieet is fo printed that it may
t>e bound up in two leaves only.
FOLIS. See Follis.
FOLIUM, or Leaf, in Botany. See Leaf.
POLICES, Martin, a philofopher and antiquariati
of confiderable eminence, was born in Weflminfter
in the year 1690. A Mr Cappel, once profeffor of
Hebrew at Saumur, was his private tutor. When 17
years of age, he was fent to Clare-hall, Cambridge,
where he fuccefsfully applied himfelf to the ftudy of
philofophy and the mathematics; and when only twen¬
ty-three years of age he was chofen a fellow of the
Koyal Society. His ingenious communications acquired
him fo much applaufe, that he was frequently chofen
into its council. He was in habits of friendfliip with the
illuflrious Newton, at that time prefident, and by his
influence was elefted one of the vice-prefidents in the
year 1723. Mr Folkes became a candidate for the
chair on the death of Sir Ifaac Newton ; but the fupe-
rior intereft of Sir HansSloane rendered his application
ineffectual. In 1733 an^ ^wo fubfequent years,
his refidence was for the moft part in Italy, with the
view of improving himfelf in the knowledge of claflical
antiquities. To afcertain the weight and value of an¬
cient coins, he carefully confulted the cabinets of the cu¬
rious^ and on his return home he prefented to the Anti¬
quarian Society, of which he was a member, a differtation
on this fubject. He read before the fame learned body,
a differtation on the meafurement of Trajan’s and Anto-
r.ine’s pillar, together with other remains of antiquity.
I he fruits of his obfervations he prefented to the Royal
Society ; and, in particular, “ Remarks on the ftand-
ard meafure preferved in the Capitol of Rome,” and
the model of an ancient globe in the Farhefian palace.
He vifited Paris in 1739, where he was received with
[ 7«4 1
F O L
great refpeft, and honoured with the company of the
molt eminent literary charatters in that metropolis. This
refpedt indeed he was entitled to by his unwearied appli¬
cation to many branches of knowledge which were both
curious and ufeful. His valuable work, entitled “ A
table of Englifli filver coins, from the Norman Conqueft
to the prefent time, with their weights, intrinfic values,
and fome remarks upon the feveral pieces,” was printed
in the year 1745. Among the many honours conferred
upon Mr Folkes, he was created doftorof laws by both
univerfities, and chofen prefident of the Antiquarian
Society. He continued to furnifli the Philofophical
Tranfactions with many learned papers, till his career
was flopped by a paralytic ftroke, which terminated his
ufeful life in the year 1754. He was a man of very
extenfive knowledge and great accuracy 3 but the'chief
benefit to fcience which refulted from his labours, was
his treatife on the intricate fubjedt of coins, weights,
and meafures. His cabinet and library were large1 and
valuable, and expofed to public fale after his death.
His private charadler was diftinguiflied for politenefs,
generofity, and friendfnip.
FOLKESTONE, a town of Kent, between Dover
and Hvthe, 72 miles from London, appears to have
been a very ancient place, from the Roman coins and
Britifh bricks often found in it. Stillingfleet and Tan¬
ner take it for the Lapis Tituli of Nennius. It wax
burnt by Earl Godwin, and by the French in the reign
of Edward III. It had five churches now reduced to
one. It is a member of the town and port of Dover 3
and has a weekly market and an annual fair. It is
chiefly noted for the multitude of fifhing boats that be¬
long to its harbour, which are employed in the feafon
in catching mackerel for London ; to which they are
carried by the mackerel boats of London and Barking.
About Michaelmas, the Folkeftonebarks, with others fot
'Suffex, go away to the Suffolk and Norfolk coafts to
catch herrings for the merchants of Yarmouth and
Leofloff.—Folkeftone gives the title of Vifconnt to WiL
Ham Henry Bouverie, whofe grandfather, Jacob, was fo
created in 1747. It has been obferved of fome hills
in this neighbourhood, that they have vifibly funk and
grown lower within memory.
FOLKLAND, and Folkmote. See Folclanb.
FOLLICULUS, (from follis, “ a bag,”) a fpecies
of feed-veffel firft mentioned by Linnaeus in his Deli-
iieatio P/antce, generally confifting of one valve, which
opens from bottom to top on one fide, and has no future
for faftening or attaching the feeds within it.
FOLLICULI are likewife defined by the fame au¬
thor to be fmall glandular Veffels diftended with air,
which appear on the furface of fome plants ; as at the
foot of water-milfoil, and on the leaves of aldrovanda.
In the former the leaves in queftion are roundifli, and
furniflied with an appearance like two horns 3 in the
latter, pot-ftiaped, and femicircular.
FOLLIS, or Folis, anciently fignified a little bag
or purfe 3 whence it came to be ufed for a fum of mo¬
ney, and very different fums were called by that name':
thus the fcholiaft on the Bafilics mentions a follis of
copper which was worth but the 24th part of the mi-
liarenfis ; the gloffse nomicas, quoted by Gronovius and
others, one of 125 miliarenfes, and another of 2<;o de¬
narii, wkich was the ancient feftertium 3 and three dif¬
ferent futas of eight, four, and two pounds of gold, were
« each
Fo!ke$
H
Follis.