Encyclopaedia Britannica, or, a Dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature : enlarged and improved. Illustrated with nearly six hundred engravings > Volume 8, ELE-FOR

Hymenoptera. E N T O M
Europe. It is common when winter difappears. It is
of a brownilh yellow colour above.
i o fpecies of this genus have been deferibed in the laft
edition of the Syitem of Nature.
78. Raphidia.
Mouth fumifhed with an arched mandible fet with teeth.
Jaw cylindrical and obtufe ; lip round and entire 5
all of them formed of a horny fublfance. Feelers
four, very ihort, nearly equal, and filiform. Stem-
mai:a three. Wings dellefled. Antennae filiform,
the fame length of the thorax, which is lengthen¬
ed out at the anterior part, and cylindrical.
Tail of the female furniihed with a loofe curved
briitle.
'*ophiopJis. Wings without fpots. r. A native of Europe ; in
pine forefts ; feeding on other infects. Larva has fix
feet. The pupa active, very like the perfect infect in
every point, except that it wants wings.
* notata. Wings marked on the edge with a brown fpot. 2.
A native of Britain. Black ; a reddith brown fpot on
the head and legs, and furnithed with a projecting fling
of the fame length with the abdomen.
V. HYMENOPTERA.
WlNGS four, membranaceous for the molt part. Tail
of the female furniihed with a Ring.
79. Cynips, Gall-Jly.
Mouth with a (hort jaw, furniihed with one tooth, and
membranaceous. The mandible arched, cleft at the
tip, and with a ihort, cylindrical, and entire lip, all
compofed of a horny fubitance. Feelers four, lliort,
unequal and capitated. Antennae moniliform. Sting
fpiral, and for the molt part concealed.
The numerous excrefcences or galls, found on the
roots, branches, and leaves of various trees, are produ¬
ced by the puncture of thefe infedls. The larva is
without feet, foft, cylindrical, and inhabits within the
gall, feeding on the juices of the tree. The pupa re-
fembles the perfect infefl, except in having only the ru¬
diments of wings.
adfeendens Of a brazen colour ; the abdomen conical, afeending
and joined to the trunk by a very narrow connexion.
20. A native of Europe. Large ; legs of a pale colour 5
the thighs black at the bafe
* rofee. Body black •, the abdomen of a rally colour, and
black behind 5 the legs of a rally colour. 1.. A na¬
tive of Bedeguar ; on the rofe.
*quercus Black \ bafe of the antennae and legs yellowilh. 4,
baccarum. A. native of Europe. Forms roundilh and tranfparent
galls, about the fize of a pea, on the under furface of the
leaves of the oak ; and comes out about the middle of
fummer.
* quercus Black *, thorax marked with lines •, legs gray ) thighs
Tolu. beneath black. 5. A native of Europe. Forms galls
about the fize of a hazel nut, on the under furface of
the leaves of the oak.
* quercus Blacky antennas and legs pale. 6. A native of
infer a. Europe. Forms globular, opake, red galls about the
fize of a hazel nut, on the under furface of the leaves of
the oak..
O L O G Y 197
Black} legs white ; thighs brown. 7. A native of * quercus
Europe. Forms hollow galls, convex at each end, onpetioli.
the footftalks of the leaves of the oak.
Gray-, wings marked with a linear crofs. 8. A.* quercus
native of Europe. Forms granulated connected galls,pedunculi.
on the male flowers of the oak.
In galls on the bark of the oak. 9. A native of * quercus
Europe. Forms a cup-lhaped gall, the dilk convex and corticis.
furrounded with about twenty concave dots, funk into
the bark oi the oak.
Pale ; abdomen and eyes black. 10. A native of * quercus
Europe. Forms white woolly galls on the fmall ramuli.
branches of the oak.
In the terminal bud of the quercus robur. 11. A*quercus
native of Europe. Found in the large imbricated gallsgemmee^'
on the terminal buds of the quercus robur. 1 his tiy is
of a very dark green, llightly gilded. Its antennas and
feet are of a dun colour, rather deep. It depofits its
eggs in the oak buds, which produce one of the hneft
galls, leafed like a rofe-bud beginning to blow. Vv hen
the gall is fmall, the leaves are comprened, and lie over
one another like the tiles on the roof of a houfe. In
the centre of the gall there is a kind of hard nucleus,
in the middle of which is a cavity, and in that is found
the little larva, which feeds there, takes its growth, un¬
dergoes its metamorphofis, and breaks through the in-
cloiure in order to get out. The whole gall is often
near an inch in diameter, fometimes more when dried
and difplayed, and is attached to the branch by a foot-
ftalk. (Barbut, Infeff. p. 233.).
On the calyx of the oak and cegilops. 18. A native quercus
of Europe. Forms galls on the calyx of the quercus culicis.
robur, fometimes ufed by tanners. They were called by
the Romans cerri.
Black, without fpots. 12. A native of Europe,
Forms galls of the lliape of a pear, on the upper furface
of the leaves of the common beech..
Body brown. 22. Forms tenacious globular galls,rofmarini,
about the fize of a hazel nut, filled with clear oil, on the
branches of the rofmarinus chilenjis.
Body blacky the bafe of the antennae and legs of a phragmi-
brick colour; the abdomen lengthened out into a broad tis.
tail. 25. It is lodged at the top of the italk of the
arunclo fragmitis, which becomes dilated, and grows no
higher.
28 fpecies of this genus have been deferibed in the
laft edition of the Syitem of Nature.
80. TenTHREUO, Saw-fly,.
Mouth furnifhed with an arched mandible, formed of a
horny fubttance, and notched in, the infide. Jaw
ftraight and blunt at the tip. Lip cylindrical and
divided into three. Feelers four, unequal, and fili¬
form. Wings plain and fuelling out. Sting com¬
pofed of two ferrated laminae, fiightly projeding.
Scutellum marked" with two grains placed on its lur-
face, at a diftanee from one another.
The male and female of many of the fpecies of this
genus vary in colour. ’I hey teed on the leaves of va¬
rious plants; the female ufes her fting in the manner of
a faw, and cuts out fpaces in tire twigs or buds ol trees,
for the purpofe of depoliting her eggs : larva cy.inuii-
cal, foft, with fixteen or twenty-eight feet; feeds on the
leaves