Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 7, ETM-GOA

FOR [ 34J ] FOR
Forging, llamcnt, made felonies without benefit of clergy. By FORISFAMILIATION, in law. When a child,
_—v—- ilatutes 13 Geo. III. c. 52. & 59. forging or counter- upon receiving a portion from his father, or otherwife,
feiting any ftamp or mark to denote the ftandard of renounces his legal title to any further (hare of his fa-
gold and filver plate, and certain other offences of the ther’s fucceffion, he is faid to be forisfamiliated.
like tendency, are punifhed with tranfportation for 14 FORK, a well-known inftrument, confiding of a
years. By llatute 12 Geo. III. c. 48. certain frauds handle and blade, divided at the end into two or more
on the ftamp-duties, therein defcribed, principally by points or prongs.
ufing the fame damps more than once, are made Angle The pitch-fork is a large utenfil of this conftru&ion,
felony, and liable to tranfp® :ation for feven-years, employed in hay-making, &c.
And the fame punifhment nflidfed by datute 13 'The table-fork, an indrument now fo indifpenfable,
Geo.TII. c. 38. on fuch as counterfeit the common did not come into ufe in England till the reign of
feal of the corporation for manufacturing plate-glafs Jamesl. as we learn from a remarkablepaffageinCoryat.
(thereby ereCted), or knowingly demand money of the The reader will probably fmile at the folemn manner
company by virtue of any writing under fuch counter- in which this important difcovery or innovation is re-
feit feal. lated : “ Here I will mention a thing that might have
There are alfo two other general laws, with regard been fpoken of before in difcourfe of the fird Italian
to forgery ; the one 2 Geo. II. c. 25. whereby the fird towns. I obferved a cudom in all thofe Italian cities
offence in forging or procuring to be forged, ading or and townes through the which I paffed, that is not
affiding therein, or uttering or publifhing as true, any ufed in any other country that I faw in my travels,
forged deed, will, bond, writing obligatory, bill of ex- neither do I thinke that any other nation of Chriden-
change, promiffory note, indorfement or aflignment dome doth ufe it, but only Italy. The Italian and al-
thereof, or any acquittance or receipt for money or fo mod drangers that are commonant in Italy, doe al-
goods, with intention to defraud any perfon (or cor- ways at their meals ufe a little forke when they eat
poration), is made felony without benefit of clergy, their meate ; for while with their knife which they
And by ftatute 7 Geo. II. c. 22. it is equally penal to hold in one hand they cut the meate out of the difh,
forge, or caufe to be forged, or utter as true, a conn- i^ey fallen the fork which they hold in the other
terfeit acceptance of a bill of exchange, or the number hand upon the fame difh, fo that whatfoever he be
of any accountable receipt for any note, bill, or any that fitting in the company of any others at meale
other fecurity for money, or any warrant or order for fhould unadvifedly touch the difh of meat with his fin-
the payment of money, or delivery of goods. So that, gers from which all the table doe cut, he will give oc-
through the number of thefe general and fpecial pro- cafion of offence unto the company as having tranf-
vifions, there is now hardly a Cafe poffible to be con- greffed the lawes of good manners, in fo much that
ceived, wherein forgery, that tends to defraud, whether - for his error he fhall be at lead brow-beaten if not re¬
in the name of a real or fi&itious perfon, is not made a prehended in wordes. This form of feeding I under¬
capital crime. Hand is generally ufed in all parts of Italy, their forkes
Forging, in law, the aft of Forgery. for the mod part being made of yronn, deele, and
Forging, in fmithery, the beating, or hammering fome of filver, but thofe arejufed only by gentlemen. .
iron on the anvil, after having fird made it red-hot in The reafon of this their curiofity is, becaufe the Ita-
the forge, in order to extend it into various forms, and han cannot by any means indure to have his difh touch-
fafiiion it into works. See Forge. ed with fingers, feeing all mens fingers are not alike
There are two ways of forging and hammering iron, cleane. Hereupon I myfelf-'thought good to imitate
One '.i by the force of the hand, ip which there are the Italian fafhion by this forked cutting of meate,
ufually feveral perfons employed, one of them turning not only while I was in Italy, but alfo in Germany,
the iron and -hammering likewise, and the red only and often times in England fince I came home: be-
hammering. The other wvy is by the force of a wa- ing once quipped for that frequently ufing my forke,
ter-mill, which raifes .and works feveral huge hammers by-a certain learned gentleman a .familiar friend of
beyond the force of man ; under the drokes whereof mine, Mr Lawrence Whitaker ; who in his merry hii-
the workmen prefen. large lumps or pieces of iron, mobr doubted not to call me a table Furcifer, only for
which are fuilained at one end by the anvils,, and at ufing a forke at feeding, but for no other caufe.”
the other by iron-chains fadened to the cieling of the FORLI, an ancient and confiderable town of Italy,
forge. See Mill. and capital of a territory of the fame name, in Ro-
This lad way of forging is only ufed in the larged magna, with a bidiop’s fee. The public drufturesare
works, as anchors for drips, &c. which ufually weigh very handfome ; and it is feated in a fertile, healthy, and
feveral thoufand pounds. For the lighter Works, a pleafant country, 10 miles fouth-ead of Faenza, and 45
fingle man ferves to hold, heat, and turn with one hand, north-ead of Florence. E. Long. 12. i.N. Lat. 44.
while he hammers with the other. 28.
Each purpofe the work is defigned for requires its FORLORN-hope, in the military art, fignifies men
proper heat; for if it be too cold, it will not feel the detached from feveral regiments, or otherwife appoint-
weight of the hammer, as the fmiths call it when it ed, to make the fird attack in day of battle; or, at a
will not t atter under the hammer ; and if it be too hot, fiege, to dorm the counterfcarp, mount the breach, or
it will read-fear, that is, break or crack under the ham- the like. They are fo called from the great danger
mer. they are unavoidably expofed to ; but the word is old,
The feveral degrees of heat the fmiths give their and begins to be obfolete.
itons, are, fird, a blood-red heat; fecondly, a white* FORM, in phyfics, denotes the manner of being pe-
flame-heat; and, thirdly, a fparkling or welding heat. culiar to each body ; or that which conditutes it fuch
Vol. VII. Part I. X x a