Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 7, ETM-GOA

EXT r 79 ] EXT
lapofitioii Romans chofe the banks of rivers, and the Greeks the
il highways.
^ Extant. EXPOSITION, in general, denotes the fetting a
■ * thing open to public view. See Exposing.
Exposition, in a literary fenfe, the explaining an
author, paffage, writing, or the like, and fetting their
meaning in an obvious and clear light.
EXPOSITOR, or Expository, a title which fome
writers have given to a leffer kind of dictionaries or
vocabularies,fer.ving to expound or explain the meaning
of the obfcure or difficult words of a language. It is alfo
ufed in the fame fenfe with commentary and para-
phrafe.
EXPOSTULATION, in rhetoric, a warm addrefs
to a perfon who has done another fome injury, repre-
fenting the wrong in the ftrongeft terms, and demand¬
ing red refs.
EXPOSURE, in gardening, the fituation of a gar¬
den wall, or the like, with refpeft to the points of the
compafs, as fouth or eaft. See Gardening.
Ex-poJl-faBo, in law, denotes fomething done after
another thing that was committed before. An eftate
granted may be made good by matter ex-pojl-fafio, that
was not fo at firft by election, &c.
EXPRESSED OILS, in chemiftry, fuch oils as are
obtained from bodies only by prcffing. See Oil.
EXPRESSION,’ in rhetoric, the elocution, dic¬
tion,or choice of words in a difcourfe. See Language,
Oratory, and Poetry.
Expression, in mufic. See Composition.
Expression, in painting, a natural and lively re-
prefentation of the fubjedt, or of the feveral objeCts in¬
tended to be (hown.
The expreffion confifts chiefly in reprefenting the
human body and all its parts, in the action fuitable to
it: in exhibiting in the face the feveral paffions pro¬
per to the figures, and obferving the motions they im-
prefs on-the external parts. See Painting.
Expression Theatrical. See Declamation, ar¬
ticle iv.
EXPRESSION, in medicine, chemiftry, &c. the
a6t of expreffing or extracting the juices or oils of
plants, fruits, or other matters, by fqueezing, wring¬
ing, or preffing them in a prefs. After having let the
herbs infufe a due time, their juice muft be drawn by
cxprefiion in a linen cloth or by a prefs.
EXPULSION, in a general fenfe, the aCt of vio¬
lently driving a perfon out of any city, fociety, Ccc.
Expulsion, in medicine, the aft whereby any thing
is forcibly driven out of the place in which it is : thus
jve fay, the expulfion of the fetus in delivery.
EXSICCATION, (formed of ex and Jtccus, “dry,”)
in chemiftry, &c. the aft of drying up or evaporating
the moifture of a thing.
EXSP1RATION, in phyfic, that part of refpira-
tion by which the air is expelled or driven out of the
lungs. See Anatomy, m 118. and Respiration.
EXSUDATION, or Exudation the aft of fweat-
ing out. In which manner, gums, balfams, &c. are ufu-
ally produced from trees.
EXTANT, fomething that ftill fubfifts, or is in be¬
ing. It is but part of the hiftory of Livy, of the
writings of Cicero, Ctefar, &c. that are extant, the reft
are loft. We have nothing extant of Socrates, though
he wrote a great deal.
EXTASY, a tranfport which fufpends the funftion Extafjr
of the fenfes, by the intenfe contemplation of fome li
extraordinary or fupernatural objeft. Extortion,
Extasy, in medicine, a fpecies of catelepfy, when
a perfon perfeftly remembers, after the paroxyfm is
over, the ideas he conceived during the time it lafted.
EXTENSION, in philofophy, one of the common
and eflential properties of body ; or that by which it
pofleffes or takes up fome part of univerfal fpace, which
is called the place of that body. See Metaphysics,
n > 56.
EXTENSOR, an appellation given to feveral.
mufcles, from their extending or ftretching the parts
to which they belong. See Anatomy, Table of the
Mrjaes.
EXTENT, in law, is ufed in a double fenfe. Some¬
times it iignifies a writ or command to the ftieriff for
the valuing of lands or tenements ; and fometimes the
aft of the ftieriff, or other commiftioner, upon this writ.
Old and New Extent, in Scots law. See Law,
N° clxvi. 6.
EXTENUATION, the aft of diminiftiing or lef-
fening the bulk or fubftance of a thing, efpecially of
the human body. Fevers, agues, long abftinences, &c.
occafion great extenuations or emaciations.
Extenuation, is alfo a figure in rhetoric, oppofite
to the hyperbole. The Greeks call it
EXTERIOR, or External. See External.
EXTERMINATION, in general, the extirpating
or deftroying fomething.
Extermination, or Exterminating, in algebra,
is ufed for taking away. Thus algebraifts fpeak of ex-
tirminating furds, fraftions, and unknown quantities out
of equations. See Maclaur. Algebr. part i. chap. 12.
where we have fome general theorems for the extermi¬
nating unknown quantities in given equations.
EXTERNAL, a term of relation applied to the
furface or outfide of a body, or that part which ap¬
pears or prefents itfelf to the eye, touch, &c. in con-
tradiftinftion to internal.
External is alfo ufed to fignify any thing that is
without fide a man, or that is not within himfelf, par¬
ticularly in his mind ; in which fenfe we fay, external
objefts, &c.
EXTINCTION, in general, denotes the putting
out or deftroying fomething, as a fire or flame. See
Extingulfhing of Fire.
EXTINGUISHMENT, in law, is a confolidation
or union, as where one has due to him a yearly rent
out of lands, and afterwards purchafes the lands out of
which the rent arifes; in this cafe, both the property
and the rent being united in one poffeffor, the rent is
faid to be extinguilhed.
EXTIRPATION, (formed of ex andJlirps, “ root”)
the aft of pulling up or deftroying a thing to the very
roots. Among the prayers of the Romifti jubilee,
there is one for the extirpation of heiefy.
Extirpation is alfo ufed, in’furgery, for cutting
off any part entirely ; as a wen, &c. or the eating it
away, as a wart, &c. by corrofive medicines.
EXTISPEX, in antiquity, the perfon who drew
prefages from viewing the intrails of animals offered in
facrifice. 1
EXTORTION, in law, is an illegal manner of
wrefting any thing from a man, either by force, me¬
nace.