Encyclopaedia Britannica > Volume 7, ETM-GOA

Encyclopedia Britannica
E T M
Ethlops T7 THIOPS ANTIMONIAL, MARTIAL, End MINERAL.
R rj See Pharmacy-A^x.
>Etmuller ETHMOIDES, In anatomy, a bone fituated in
' vthe middle of the bafis of the forehead or os frontis,
and at the top of the root of the nofe, filling almoft
the whole cavity of the noftrils. It has its name from
cribrum, “ fieve,” and ‘<*»f “ form,” becaufe all
fpongy and porous. See Anatomy, n1 17.
ETHNARCHA. Ethnarch, (formed of na¬
tion, and atX} command), a governor or ruler of a na¬
tion.
There are fome medals of Herod I. furnamed the
Great, on one fide whereof is found 'Hpatou, and on the
other EBvyp rev, q. d. Herod the Ethnarch. After the
battle of Philippi, we read that Antony, palling over
into Syria, conftituted Herod and Phafael his brother
tetrarchs, and in th%t quality committed to them the
admin llration of the affairs of Judea. ( Jof. Ant. lib. xiv.
cap. 23.) Herod therefore had the govrnment of the
province before ever the Parthians entered Syria, or
before Antigonus’s invafion, which did not happen till
fix or feven years after Herod was commander in Ga¬
lilee. (Jof. lib. xiv. cap. 24, 25.) Confequently He¬
rod was then truly ethnarch, for he can be no other-
wife denominated; fo that it muff have been in that
fpace of time that the medals were ftruck, which only
give him this title : which medals are a confirmation
of what we read in hiftory of the government which
that prince was intrufted with before he was raifed to
the royalty.
Joiephus gives Herod the appellation of tetrarch in
lieu of that of ethnarch; but the two terms come fo
near to each other, that it is eafy to confound them
together.
Though Herod the Great left by will to Archelaus
all Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, yet Jofephus tells us he
was then only called ethnarch.
ETHNi. Pi i RONES, in antiquity, a fee! of he¬
retics in the feventh century, who made a profeffion of
Chriftianity, but joined thereto all the ceremonies and
follies of paganifm, as judicial aftrology, fortileges, au¬
guries, and other divinations.
ETIQUETTE, a French term, primarily denoting
a ticket or title affixed to a bag or bundle of papers,
expreffing its contents. It is alfo ufed, when applied
to the Spanifh and fome other courts, to fignify a
articula-r account of what is to be done daily in the
ing’s houfehold, and in the chief ceremonies relating
to it- It likewife denotes thofe forms that regulate
the decorum of conduit towards peifons of various
ranks and ffations.
ETMULLER (Michael), a moft eminent phvfi-
Vot.VII. Parti.
E T N
cian, born at Leipfic in 1646. After having travelled Etna,
through the greateft part of Europe, he became pro- *
feflbr of botany, chemittry, and anatomy, at Leipfic;
where he died in 1683. He was a very voluminous
writer; his works making no lefs than 5 vols folio, as
printed at Naples in 1728. His fon Michael Erneff:
Etmuller was alfo an ingenious phyfician, who publilh-
ed feveral pieces, and died in 1732. r
ETNA, or .Etna, a famous burning mountain of HouePsoV
Sicily, and the largefl: in Europe ; of which an accountferratious.
has been already given under the latter fpelling .Etna.
The following additional particulars relating to the
eruptions, fize, feenery, and products, of this cele¬
brated volcano, are collefted from the Voyage Pittorefque
of M. Houel, who appears to have furveyed it»with
greater accuracy than any former traveller.
The form of mount Etna is that 'of a cone, very
broa 1 at the bafe, which is more than 40 miles in cir¬
cumference. From the bottom you afeend ten leagues
before reaching its fummit on the fouth fi-ie ; and on
any of the other fides, the way being not fo ftraight,
would be confiderably longer. Etna is entirely com-
pofed of fubftances that have been difeharged from the
volcano in its various explofions.
It appears from the quantities of marine bodies de-
pofited all over the under part of Etna, that it muff;
have been once covered by the lea to at leaft one
half of its prefent height. The whole ifland of Sicily,
and the greateft psirt of mount Etna, have been, in our
author’s opinion, iormed under water. But the period
when the eruptions from this volcano firft commenced,
the manner in which the fea fubfided, and the precife
time at which it fell fo low as its prefent level on the
Ihores of Sicily, are fadls concerning of which we
have no certain knowledge.
The general principle, however, M. Houel thinks
may be regarded as undeniable. When this mountain
ttood half under water, the currents of the ocean
would gradually accumulate upon it large mafles, both
of its own productions, fuch as ftiells, and bones of
filhes, and of various other matters, which would be
intermixed with the volcanic matters difeharged from
the focus of the burning mount. In a long feries of
ages thefe ftrata of heterogeneous matters would na¬
turally become fo confiderable as to form the enor¬
mous mafs of mountains with which the volcano is
now furrounded. The currents of the ocean migl«| of¬
ten convey the volcanic matters to a confiderable
diftance from the volcanic focus. And there are
mountains at* no fmall diftance from Etna, which feem
to have been produced in this manner. Thofe of
Carlintini, at the diftance of 15 leagues, confift chiefly
A of