Encyclopaedia Britannica; or, A dictionary of arts and sciences, compiled upon a new plan … > Volume 2, C-L

E X C
granted, being the fame with the former In every refpeft.
6. An excife upon hides and Heins tanned in Britain,
fir ft granted in queen Anne’s reign, was an excife of
feventeen diflFerent kinds, upon fo many different kinds
of hides and Heins particularly named, and upon all
others not named, per cent, ad valorem. An
additional excife was afterwards granted, being an ad¬
ditional duty of different kinds, upon fo many different
forts of hides and Heins particularly named, and on all
others not named, 15 1. per cent, on the value. 7. An
excife on home-made vellum and parchment, firft
granted by the fame aft, being 1 s. per dozen on vel¬
lum, and 6d. the dozen on parchment. And afterwards
an additional excife on vellum, he. was granted, being
an additional duty of as. the dozen on vellum, and 1 s.
the dozen on parchment. 8. An exciie on hops of
home growth was firft granted in queen Anne’s reign,
being 1 d. per pound. 9. An excife on paper, pafte-
boards, milled-boards, andfeale-boards, was firft grant¬
ed in the reign of queen Anne, being a duty of eleven-
different kinds on fo many different lorts of paper par-
ycularly named, made in Great Britain : on pafteboards,
he. 3 s. the hundred weight, and on all forts of paper
not named, \i\.per cent, on the value. An additional
duty on paper, he. was granted of eleven different
kinds, he. on pafteboard, 1 s. 6d. the hundred weight,
and on all forts of paper not named, 6\.per cent, on
the value; and on painted paper for hangings, a half¬
penny the yard fquare. 10. An excife of 1 d. per
pound on foap made in Great Britain, was granted by
the fame ad ; to which an additional excife has been
added of a halfpenny pound. 11. An excife upon
printed filks, callicoes, linens and fluffs made in Great
Britain, and printed, painted, ftained or dyed here, was
firft granted in queen Anne’s reign, being a duty of
3 d. on filks and callicoes, and i-jd. on linen and fluffs
the yard fquare, excepting filk handkerchiefs, linens
and fuftains dyed of one colour, and fluffs made of
woollen, or the greateftpart in value of woollen. And
an additional e-xcife was granted of 6d. the yard of
half-yard broad filks; 1 d. the yard fquare of filk
handkerchiefs,; 3d. the yard fquare of callicoes, and
d the yard fquare of linens and fluffs, excepting, a$
before, callicoes, he. dyed of one colour, and woollen -
fluffs. 12. An excife on ftarcli was firft grantedfor 1 d.
the pound; and afterwards an additional excife of 1 d.
the pound. 13. The excife on gilt andfilver v/ire made
JjX_Great Britain, is 8 d, the ounce on gilt wire, and 6 d,
the ounce on filver wire.
If any brewers do not make true entries of their li¬
quors brewed, once a-week at the excife-office, they
forfeit t o 1. but this is fubjeft to mitigation, fo as not
to be. lefs than double the duty; and the retailers of
beer and ale and ftrong waters, neglecting to make their
entries once a-month of what liquors they retail, are
liable to 40 s. penalty. In cafe any brewer ereCts.or
alters-any back, copper, cooler, he. or keeps a private
ftorehoufe, or if any maltfter keeps any private veffelfor
fteeping barley, without giving proper notice to the of¬
ficers of excife, fuch brewer or mahfter forfeit 501.
and. where they bribe a gauger, it is iq 1. The. officers
e x e
of excife may go on board ffiips, and fearch fbr any sx-
cifeable liquors, as officers of the cuftoms do.andfeize
commodities forfeited, he. and complaints made at the
chief office of excife are to be heard by three or more
commiflioners; but two juftices of th? peace have the
power to determine in feizures out of the limits of the
excife-office in London.
EXCLAMATION, in rhetoric, a figure that ex-,
prefles the violent and fudden breaking out, and vehe¬
mence of any paflion.
EXCOMMUNICATION, an ecclefiaftical penalty or
cenfure, whereby fuch perfons as are guilty of any no¬
torious crime or offence, are feparated from the com ¬
munion of the church, and deprived of all fpiritual ad¬
vantages.
Excommunication among the Jews, according to
Elias, a German rabbin, was diftinguiffied into three
kinds: I. Niddui, which was a feparation of but a few
days; 2. Cherem, a feparation attended with execrati¬
on and maledidtiorr; and, 3. Shammatha, which was
the laft and greater, excommunication. But Selden fays,
that niddui and fhammatha are the fame thing ;
and therefore that there were but two kinds of ex¬
communication among the Jews, viz. the greater
and the lefler. They made aifb another diftindlion in
excommunication, into total or univerfal, by which a
man was excommunicated with regard to all men; and
partial, by which a man was excommunicated in one
city, and with regard to certain pfrfons, and not
others.
It is obfervable, that not only the judges had the
power of excommunicating, but that each particular
perfon in converfation might excommunicate another,
and himfelf likewife; and this excommunication, if well
grounded, was of force; nay, if a man dreamed that-
he was excommunicated by himfelfor- by another, be
was: confidered as an excommunicated,perfon, becaufe
this dream was fuppofed to befent fromGod
As to the effefls of the, Jewiffi excommunication, the
leffer excluded the excommunicated perfori from the
fociety of men; that is, he was not to come nearer
. them than.four cubits, neither he, his wife, children^
or domeftics., according to Buxtorf. The greater ab-
folutely fequeftered the perfon from the converfation
of others ; and fometimes he was ffiut up in a final 1
chamber or prifon, where he lived alone. Baronius
and. Beza pretend, that the greater excommunication
excluded men from the ufe of facred things. Seiden,
on the contrary, affirms, that they were allowed to. be
ppefent in the temple, and partake, of .the public wor-
ffiip. Buxtorf, who is of the fame opinion, adds, that
whereas others came into the temple at the right hand,
. and went out at the left, the excommunicated were
obliged both to go in and out at the left..
Excommunication^, among the modern JeWs, is at-
tended with the raoft terrible confequences. The ex¬
communicated perfon is refufed all-human affiftance: if'
there be a corpfe in his -houfe; or a child to be circum-
cifed, none mu ft help him. He is curfed by the book
of the law, by the curfe of Joffiua againft Jericho, by
that of Elilha againft the children, by- heaven and
( 53* )